dw]; cfGbf]ngs] gfcf]k/ sf}gf]s] rGbf gb]a]nf ;ldlt sPn] xP cfu|x
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] gfcf]k/ s'5 nf]u rGbf p7f/xn ;'gnu]nf;]
sf}gf]s] rGbf gb]a]nf u?8f ;+3if{ ;ldlt ;eL;] cfu|x sPn] xP . ;+3if{ ;ldlts]
;+of]hs j[hlszf]/ ofbj s'5 nf]u cfGbf]ngs] gfcf]k/ a]kf/L cf cGo ju{;] rGbf
p7f/xn ;'gnu]nf;] cO;g sf}gf] e|dd] gk/s] cfGbf]ngs] gfcf]k/ sf}gf]s] rGbf
gb]a]nf ;eL;] cfu|x sPn] 5t . hlb sf}gf] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] gfcf]k/ rGbf duOt xP t
;a;] klxn] cf]s/ cflwsfl/stf k'li6s] n]n ;ldlts] ;+of]hss] kmf]g ss] jf:tljstf
;dem]s] n]n ;+of]hs ofbj cfu|x sPn] 5t . dw]; cfGbf]ngd] dWo/f}tx6s] ;eL
a]kf/L, lzIfs tyf pBf]uL–Joj;foL nufots] e/k"/ ;xof]u sPnfk/ wGojfb b]Ot
;+of]hs ofbj ;+3if{ ;ldlt ceLts cflwsfl/s ?k;] sf}gf];] rGbf p7fa]s] lg0f{o
gsPnf;] sf}gf] lsl;ds] e|dd] gk/s] cfGbf]ngs] gfcf]k/ cfly{s ;xof]u gs/]nf
cfu|x sPn] 5t . s'5 nf]u cfGbf]ng cf cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] abgfd s/]s] n]n rGbf
p7fa]s] wGbf s/Ot xf]O{ t cf]O;g tTjs] kbf{kmf; s/]nf eL ;+of]hs ofbj cfu|x
sPn] 5t .
hf]/–lahf]/ uf8L ;+rfngs] ;/sf/L lgod /f}tx6d] ge]n nfu"
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{s] cefj e]n sxOt ;/sf/åf/f nfu" sPnu]n
hf]/–lahf]/ k|0ffnL /f}tx6d] nfu" gxf]P;sn b]vnu]n xP . lhnfs]
rGb|k'/–uf}/ ;8s vG8k/ hf]/–lahf]/ b'g' gDa/ Kn]6s] df]6/;fOlsn lgjf{w rn/xn
b]vnu]n xP . ;f]djf/s] lbg !! ut] xf]Pnf;] lahf]/ uf8L rnfa]s] lgb]{zg xf]Pnfk/
eL lbge/ d"n ;8s;] n]s] u|fdL0f ;eL ;8sk/ hf]/ cf lahf]/ b'g' gDa/ Kn]6s]
uf8L ;+rfng xf]/xn b]vnu]n xP . /f}tx6s]
ljleGg k]6«f]n kDkd] l8hn cf k]6«f]ns] sdL xf]Pnfk/ eL ;8ss] sftd] af]tnd] e/s]
k]6«f]n a]r/xnf;] df]6/;fOlsn rnfa]afnfs] cfu] k]6«f]ns] cf]xg sdL gxf]/xn xP .
;j{;fwf/0f df]6/;fOlsnafnf s'5 a];L dxª efcf]d] cf/fd;] k]6«f]n lsg/xnf;] uf8L
;+rfngd] hf]/–lahf]/ gDa/ k|efjsf/L gxf]P;sn cf 6«flkms k|x/Ls] eL Wofg hfP
g;sn ;j{;fwf/0fs] sxgfd xP .
gfsfaGbL s/Ot dw];jfbL bn b]/xn xP uf}/ ;Ldfk/ clglZrtsfnLg w/gf
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] g]t[Tjd] g]kfn ef/t ;Ldfs]
uf}/ eG;f/;] cfu] ldt]/L k'ns] ghlbsd] dw];jfbL bns] sfo{stf{ nf]u w/gf b]n] xP
. dw];jfbL bns] g]tf tyf sfo{stf{s] w/gfs] sf/0f cfjthfjt k"0f{ k|efljt
agn xP . ;fdfGo?k;] k}bn, df]6/;fOlsn nufots] ;af/L ;fwg dfq] rnn xP . g]kfn cf
ef/ts] cfjfhfxL k"0f{ 7k xf]Pnf;] uf}/ gfsf xf]s] g]kfnd] cfa]afnf ;eL
;fdfg cfa]s] qmd nueu k"0f{ ?k;] ?sn xP . ;eL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{s]
clglZrtsfnLg w/gfd] xf]/xn pT;fx;] cfGbf]ngd] ;xeflutf a9t] hf/xn xP . dw];
cfGbf]ngs] ax't sdhf]/ b]v/xn v;afbL ;/sf/s] n]n uf}/s] cfGbf]ng eL Puf] kf7
xf]Ps] ljZjf; cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]us] /xn xP .
dw];s] cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os r/0fd] k|j]z sPn] cfGbf]ngsf/Lnf]us] xP sxgfd
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L
/f}tx6s] /3'gfyk'/ uflj;l:yt latf{ ahf/k/ cfof]lht Puf]
ljz]if ;df/f]xs] b" bh{g;] a];L jStfnf]u dw]; cfGbf]ng ca lg0ff{os r/0fd]
k|j]z sPn] atPn] 5t . l/kf]6{;{ Sna /f}tx6åf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmds] k|d'v cltly
k"j{;wf;b aag l;+x, ljlzi6 cltly ;befjgf kf6L{s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o xl/gf/fo0f
;xgL, u?8f ;+3if{ ;ldlts] ;+of]hs j[hlszf]/ ofbj, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns]
/f}tx6 ;lrj hogfy ofbjnufots] g]tfnf]u dw]; cfGbf]ng dw];Ls] cl:tTj cf cl:dtfs]
n8fO xf]Pnf;] ;kmntfk/ k'unflagf sf}gf] ;Demf}tf gxf]Ps] bfaL sPn] 5t .
sfo{qmds] ;Daf]wg s/Ot o'jf g]tf /fhs'df/ bf;, sf}z/ vfg ldlynf, honfn ;fx,
nlnt dlNns ;fg', cd/ dG8n, lzjz+s/ kfG8], ljgf]b k6]n, O:nfd c+;f/L, pk]Gb|
ofbj, ljBfgGb ofbj, z]v dGh/ cfnd, dx]z ;fx, /fdnfn ofbj, gfu]Gb| ;fx, ;'Gb/snf
b]jLnufots] nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];s] cfGbf]ng ;kmntftkm{ k'u/xnf;] clGtd wSsf
b]a]s] n]n ;Dk"0f{ dw];L;] cfu|x sPn] 5t . Snas] /f}tx6 cWoIf cledGo'
k6]ns] cWoIftfd] e]n sfo{qmdd] xhf/f] nf]us] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . ;+rf/sdL{ dgf]h
s'df/ rf}w/Låf/f ;+rflnt sfo{qmds] u?8fl:yt /]l8of] dw]; d;nf cf dw]; hgcfjfh
PkmPdåf/f k|ToIf k|;f/0f eL sPnu]n /x] .
/f}tx6s] hogu/d] ;/;kmfO;DaGwL tflnd ;DkGg
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfns] ;xof]u tyf hg;]jf g]kfns] cfof]hgfd]
u?8f gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !$ hogu/d] ;/;kmfO;DaGwL tflnd ;DkGg e]n xP . :yfgLo
:t/d] u7g e]n 8An' jf;l;l; ;d]t ;xhLs/0f sPn] sfo{qmdd] ;/;kmfO, ;/;kmfOs]
k|sf/ cf cj:yfnufots] ljifok/ 5nkmn sPnu]n xP . b" lbgts rnn sfo{qmdd]
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf cleefjs ;d]t @* hg]s] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . hg;]jfs] Pl/of
;'k/efOh/ gGbnfn a}7f ;xhLs/0f sPn] sfo{qmdd] pT;fxk"0f{ ;xeflutf /xn
d]gsf ef/tL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
Ps
dlxgfs] leQ/ 3/d] l;K6L agfa] k|lta4tf
afnrgk'/ ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] l;d/f ejfgLk'/s] nf]u cfufdL Ps dlxgfs]
leQ/ ckgf 3/d] l;k6L agfa]s] k|lta4tf JoSt sPn] xP . Knfg OG6/g]zg g]kfns]
;xof]u tyf ;f]8]s g]kfns] cfof]hgfd] ;fd'bflos cu'jf ;as] n]n cfof]lht Ps
lbj;Lo ;/;kmfO tyf hfu[ltd"ns cf}hf/ ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f uf]i7Ld] l;d/f
ejfgLk'/s] :yfgLoaf;L tyf ;fdflhs cu'jfnf]u Ps dlxgfd] ckgf 3/d] l;k6L agfa]s]
k|lta4tf JoSt sPn] xP . :yfgLo a'l4hLjL
tyf ;fdflhs cu'jf ;d]t ldnfs] #!hg] ;xefuL sfo{qmds] cfof]hs ;+:yfs] /fdk'sf/
ofbj ;xhLs/0f sPn] va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
dfgj
a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ ;d:of lgoGq0fs] n]n uflj; :tl/o cleefjs
cled'lvs/0f tflnd sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn cf dlxnf ;'/Iff
bjfj ;d'x /f}tx6s] ;xsfo{d] uflj; l;d/fejflgk'/d] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] blnt, d'l:nd cf
lk58fju{ ;d'bfos] cleefjss] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . cfbdL xf]s] cfbdLs] a]r]s] hO;g
uDeL/ cj:yfs] sfo{s] lg?T;flxt s/Ot ;dfhs] dfgj a]rlavgd'St ;dfh agfgfO h?/L
/xn Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn, /f}tx6s] sfo{qmd k|jGws lhjgfy k/fh'ln atPn] 5t . dfgj
a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/d] ;+nUg bnfn cf ck/flw gofFgofF z}nL ckgaOt b]xJofkf/,
aw'jf dhb'/, levdªf agfa]s], ;s{;d] v]nfa]s], cZnLn gfr grfa]s] cf cg]s lsl;d;]
>d zf]if0f s/]s] hO;g sfdd] nufa]nf bf];/f b]zd] n]hfPs] sfd s/ /xnf;] ;r]t
xf]gfO h?/L /xn sfo{qmdd] atfan u]n xP . dfgj a]rlavgd] ;+nUg lu/f]x s'5 al/;;]
Dofl/h Jo'/f] dfkm{t ;f]emf;femf;] lacfxs] gf6s ss] lrg, sf]l/of cf hfkfgd]
a]rlavg tyf t:s/L s//xnf;] cO;g ck/fws] :yfgLo ?kd] xL sd s/Ot n]hgfO h?/L /xn dlxnf
;'/Iff bjfj ;d'xs] cWoIf tyf dlxnf clwsf/sld{ b]jsL g]kfn atPn] clwsf/sdL{ 6Lsf
l3ld/] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
kmt'jf
xiff{xfd] e]n xP krkGg ;b:oLo ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g
s6x/Lof ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] kmt'jf xiff{xf uflj;d] krkGg ;b:oLo dw];
cfGbf]ng ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n xP . x/
ufFcf]d] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] cfu] a9fa]s] qmdd] kmt'jf xiff{xfd] :yfgLo k'Go k|tfk
ofbjs] cWoIftfd] krkGg ;b:oLo ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n xP . cf] cj;/k/ ;+3Lo
;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+
/f}tx6 If]q gDa/ kfFrs] ;+of]hs ljGb]Zj/ ofbjs] pkl:ylt /xn s6xl/of ;xsdL{
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
dfwf]k'/
ahf/k/ e]n xP ljzfn lj/f]w ;ef
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
/f}tx6s] dfwf]k'/s] ahf/k/ dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ;dy{g
xhf/f] nf]u ;xeflutf hgPn] xP . :yfgLoaf;Låf/f cfof]lht ljzfn lj/f]w ;efd]
ljleGg ufFcf];] xhf/f] nf]u ;xefuL xf]Ot cfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hgPn] xP . :yfgLo
;dfh;]jL tyf a'l4hLjL /fhgf/fo0f ofbjs] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] ;+3Lo
;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] /fdlgjf; ofbj, ;befjgf kf6L{s] z]v hdz}b, /fli6«o dw];
;dfhjfbL kf6L{s] /fd k|j]z bf;, u?8f ;+3if{ ;ldlts] j[hlszf]/ ofbj, kmf]/d
g]kfns] ljGb]Zj/ ofbj, /fd]Zj/ ofbj, aag l;+x, zDe' ;'lk|d, of]u]Gb| ofbj, /fd
s[kfn ofbj, zf]ef ;fx, ls/0f 7fs'/, k"j{;ef;b /Def b]jL ofbj, jL0ff s'df/L
s'zjfxf, Zofdafa' ofbj, honfn ;fx, /fhs'df/ bf;, /]jGt emf, clgn l;+xnufots]
jStf nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];s] cfGbf]ng ca ckg dfu k"/f sPnfk/ xL bd
w/]s] atPn] 5t . ;fy] Ox] cfl;g !# ut] uf}/d] xf]Pafnf ljzfn cfd;efd] ;xefuL
xf]Ps] n]n cfu|x eL sPn] 5t .
;nf{xL lhnfd]
gfsfaGbLs] cfp/f] ;zSt agfa]s] dw];jfbL bns] lg0f{o
;nf{lx
;xsld{
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L
df]rf{ ;nf{xLs] a}7s lhnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;nf{xLs] ;efxnd] ;DkGg e]n xP . ;DkGg
a}7s;] g]kfn ef/t gfsfs] cfGbf]ng ;zSt agfa]s] n]n sfds] aF6af/f sPnu]n xP . gfsfs]
aGb s/]s] sfo{ljefhg cg';f/ ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] lhnf cWoIf czf]s
ofbjs] dn+ujf gu/kflnsfs] ;eL gfsf, ;befjgf kf6L{s] lhnf cWoIf k|df]b ;fxs]
v'6f}gf efF8;/, tdnf]kfs] h+uLnfn ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] eL eL v'6f}gf efF8;/ gfsf,
td;kfs] sf}zn ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] dw'jgL cf axfb'/k'/ gfsfs] ;fy] cGo gfsfs] lhDdf
b]nu]n xP . cfh df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a df]6/;fOlsns] 6+sL eL r]shfFr sPn] xP .
ef/t;] k"/f 6+sL e/s] df]6/;fOlsnd] t]n e/s] ;nf{xLs] pQ/L If]q cf]/ n]hf/xn
cj:yfd] kfFrhg]s] kqmfp ss] ;eL t]n emf/s] b" b" ln6/ t]n dfq] n]hfP
b]n] xP . cO;xL ef/b/ gfsfs] n]hf/xn ;ft af]/f o'l/of lgoGq0fd] n]s] cfGbf]ngsf/L
;a gbLd] bxPn] xP . ljleGg gfsf;] g'sfs] dn+ujfd] n]cfPn cf pQ/s] cf]/ n]hfPs]
t}of/L s//xn b" nfv;] a];L d"No a/fa/s] sk8f lgoGq0fd] n]s] cfGbf]ngsf/L
nf]u cfu nuPn] ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . dw]; cfGbf]ngs] n]n Ps ;o Ps ;b:oLo sldl6 u7g
s6x/Lof ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] an'jfd] Ps ;o Ps ;b:oLo dw]; cfGbf]ng ;+3if{ ;ldlt
u7g sPnu]n xP . ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf If]q gDa/ kfFrs]
If]qLo ;+of]hs ljGb]Zj/ ofbjs] pkl:yltd] :yfgLoaf;Ls] ljzfn pkl:yltd] a}h"
k|;fb ofbjs] cWoIftfd] Ps ;o Ps ;b:oLo dw]; cfGbf]ng ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n xP
. ;ldlts] pkfWoIf /fd gf/fo0f ofbj, ;lrj xl/z+s/ k|;fb ld>, sf]iffWoIf
/fd]Zj/ ofbj;lxts] nf]u /xn s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;nf{xLs] gfsfk/ a9n xP
dw];L df]rf{s] lgu/fgL
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] ;os8f] sfo{stf{nf]u ;nf{xL
lhnfs] axfb'/k'/, e]nxL, lqe'jg gu/ cf uf]/vsfnL gfsfk/ cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a 7k sPn]
xP . b}lgs pkef]us] ;fdfg eL bz lsnf];] a];L n]cfa]k/ lgif]w s/Ot cGo gfsfk/ eL
df]rf{ lgu/fgL a9Pn] xP . df]rf{s] cfGbf]ng ca ;nf{xLs] x/]s df]rf{k/ 86n
;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
l/kf]6{;{ sNa g]kfn zfvf /f}tx6s]
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L
/f}tx6 lhnfs] xlyofxL uflj;s] hd'lgof rf}sk/ cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n
xP . l/kf]6{;{ sna g]kfn /f}tx6s] cfof]hgf cf cWoIf cledGo" k6]ns] cWoIftfd]
;DkGg sfo{qmdd] ;+l3otf ;lxts] klxrfg cf cfTd lg0fo{s] clwsf/ ;lxts] aft ljleGg
jStf ;aåf/f JoSt sPnu]n xP . /fli6«o dw]; ;dfhjfbL kf6L{s] lhnf cWoIf /fdk|j]z
bf;s] k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] ljz]if cltly ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns]
lhnf cWoIf /fd lgjf; ofbj, kmf]/d u0ftflGqss] lhnf cWoIf z]v lhqm'Nnfx, yf?
sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ef /f}6x6s] lhnf cWoIf /fdc>] rf}w/L, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d
g]kfns] lhnf ;lrj /fh gf/fo0f /+hg, ;dfhjfbL dlxnf ;+3s] dlxnf cWoIf jL0ff s'df/L
s'zjfxf, /fli6«o dw]; ;dfhjfbL kf6L{s] lhnf k|jStf ;'/]Gb| k6]n, /fli6«o
;dfhjfbL blnt ;+3s] lhnf cWoIf lau' kf;jfg, tdnf]kfs] /f}tx6 If]q gDa/ rf/s]
k|TofzL OGb| dfnf ho;jfnnufots] nf]u dGtJo s/Ot gfsf aGb ss] dw]; cfGbf]ng ;kmn
agfa]s] n]n ckgf ckgf t/km;] ;eLs] of]ubfg b]a]nf cfu|x sPn] 5t . ;fy] Ox]
cfl;g !# ut] ;b/d'sfd uf}/d] xf]Pafnf lj/f]w ;efd] ckgf 3/];] Ps Ps cfbdL h};]
eL k'u]s] cfu|x ;d]t sPn] 5t . cf]O;xL /]l8of] dw]; hgcfjfhs] cWoIf k|xnfb ;fx
ldl8ofs] ;xof]us] ;DaGwd] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . sfo{qmds] ;+rfng /]l8of] dw];
d;nfs] :6]zg d}g]h/ dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L sPn] /xng .
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] cfu] a9fa]nf lhnf:t/s] o'jf ;ldlt u7g
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
dw];d] rn/xn cfGbf]ngs] cfu] a9fa]nf ljleGg kf6L{d] /xn o'jf ;a ldns]
;+o'St o'jf ;+3if{ ;ldlt /f}tx6 u7g sPnu]n xP . t/fO{ dw]; cleofgs] nlnt dlNns
zfg's] ;+of]hsTjd] ul7t o'jf ;+3if{ ;ldltd] lk58fju{ dxf;+3 /f}tx6s] u'88' ofbj
;x;+of]hs, j}B ;d"x dfcf]jfbLs] lzjz+s/ kfG8] ;lrj, o'jf kmf]/ds] ;+hLj
ofbj ;x;lrj, ljBfyL{ kmf]/ds] k|sfz efO k|jStf cf ;befjgfs] Zofdlszf]/ ofbj tyf
tdnf]kfs] ljgf]b s'Zjfxf ;b:o /xn hfgsf/L k|fKt e]n xP . gjul7t ;+o'St o'jf
;+3if{ ;ldltåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtd] ;eL rf}s, ahf/ cf ufFcf]d] ljleGg kf6L{d]
/xn o'jf ;as] PsfO ;ldlt u7g s/]s] lg0f{os] ;fy] dw]; cfGbnf]ngs] ckgf t/km;]
cfu] a9fa]nf h]tgf xf];s] cf]tgf of]ubfg b]a]s] hfgsf/L ;x;+of]hs u'88' ofbj
s/Pn] 5t .
gfu/Ls;dfhs] cu'jf;a ;/sf/s] ;+ljwfgd] e]n q'l6s] af/]d] k|]; lj1KtLåf/ s/Pn] xP Wofgsif{0f
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;+ljwfg;ef;] gofF ;+ljwfg 3f]if0f e]n xP . n]lsg ;+ljwfg gdf{0fs]
;du| k|lqmofd] ;+ljwfg;ef let/ /xn ;le kf6L{;a ;d]t ;xeflu gxf]Pn kl/l:yt
xf]Ps] cf gofF ;+ljwfg tyf kl/jt{gs] lglDt ;+3if{ s/]jfnf pTkLl8t hg;d'bfos]
pNn]vgLo lx:;f :jfldTj tyf ckgTj gxf]Pnf;] pTkGg uDeL/ lrGtf tyf r'gf}lts]
ljifo agn xP . gful/s;dfh ;+ljwfg 3f]if0f s/]s] d'Vof e'ldsf v]n]jfnf k|d'v
kf6L{;a cf ;/sf/s] Wofgsif{g s/jOt xdlgs] b]zs] ;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
k|lqmof åGås] lgsf;s] ?kd] zflGt k|lqmofs] d'Vof /fhgLlts c+u xO . pQm sfo{ef/ k"/f s/]s]
qmdd] Ps jf bf];/sf k|lqmof sPnf ;]
åGås] aLhf/f]kg e]n cf s'5 afFsL /fv]s] ljns'n unt xP . cf]lx;] gu/Ls;dfh yf?,
dw];L, cflbjf;L, hghflt, d'l:nd, blnt nufot pTkLl8t hg;d'bfo t/fO{ dw]z nufot
b]zs] ljleGg efud] rn/xn cfGbf]ngs] jftf{, ;Demf}tf tyf ;xdltåf/f /fhgLlts ?kd]
;Daf]wfg s/]s] n]n k|]; lj1KtLd] pNn]v xP .
cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] ;xfbt k|fKt s/]jfn ;le cfGbf]ngsdL{ tyf
;'/IffsdL{;a k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm s/]s] ;fy] 3fOt];as] zL3| :jf:Yo nfes]
sfdgf le sPn u]n xP . gfu/Ls;dfh g]kfn :ki6 cf b[9 ?kd] sx]s] rfxO l5
/fHo–zlQms] cTolws an k|of]u cf k|zf;lgs 9+u;] lo ;d:of ;dfwfg gxf]O . O ;]
t/fO{ dw]zs] c:tAo:t hghLjgs] ;/n ;'ne gagfs] cf}/L cfGbf]ngs] cf]/ n]hfPs] sfd
xf]O . cO;g cj:yfd] goF ;+ljwfgs]
lqofGjog c;xh cf r'gf}ltk"0f{ gxf]s] b]z bf];/ a8sf åGå;lxt gsf/fTds
kl/l:ylts] ;dgf s/]s] vt/f b]vn hfOt xP . ;dod] t/fO{ dw]zs] dfu ;Daf]wg s] s]
c;Gt'i6 dWo] vf; s s] t/fO{ dw]zs] cfjfh jftf{, ;+jfbåf/f cljnDa lgsf; s/]s]
n]n /fHo tyf k|d'v bn;] hf]8bf/ cfx\jfg sPn u]n xP . Ps/fn]n k"jf{wf/s]
?kd] /fHo zlQms] an k|of]u tf lx+;fåf/f
lgsf; glgsfn]s] n]n ;/sf/s] ;hu s/Pn] xP . hf/L k|]; lj1KtLd] bdggfy 9'+ufgf,
ljBfw/ dlnns, l;s] nfn ;lxt @$ hgfs] x:tfIf/Lt lj1KtL k|fKt e]n xP .
/f}tx6 cfGbf]ns] % k|d'v
g]tfs] l/xfOs] pknIfd] u?8fd] e]n xP a[xb hgk|bz{g, ltg ;j{;wf/0f 3on
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
s'5lbg
klxn] ;b/d'sfd uf}/;] kqmfp k/n cfGbf]ng/t dw];L bns] kfFr g]tf;a] :yfgLo
k|zf;gåf/f y'gf d'St sPnfs] pknIfd] u?8fd] pgsf/f;as] :jfut sPn un xP. ;/sf/s] lj/f]wd] pd/n a[xbhg ;}nfj s] % g]tf
ckg ckg cleJolQmd] sxng s? zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng hats g ldnL ckg clwsf/ .
zflGt z'/Iffd] vnn k'uj]s] sd sPn] sxOt :yfgLo k|zf;g ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d
g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo /fd]Zj/ /fo, /fdlszf]/ ofbj nufot dw]z hgclwsf/ kmf]/d
g]kfn nf]stflGqs] lhnf cWoIf cho u'Ktf, ;befjgf kf6L{s] lhNnf cWoIf z]v hd;}b
cf tdnf]k g]tf clgn l;+x kqmfp k/n /x] . cf]vgL ;js] ;wf/0f tfl/sd] d+unjf/s]
sl/a 5f} ahs] #) ldg6d] y'gf d'St sPn] /x] . dw]z cfGbf]ngs] bjfj]s] n]n :yfgLo
k|zf;g xdgLs] kqmfp sPn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fd]Zj/ /fo ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] /xng . O %
g]tfs] l/xfOs] pknIfd] cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a u?8fd] :jfut cf ;/sf/ k|lt lj/f]w;efs]
cfof]hgf sPn] /x] . cfhs] lj/f]w ;efd] l/xfOe]n % g]tfs] ;fy] g]skf Pdfn];]
lg:sfl;t e]n If]q g+= !s] o'jf g]tf /dGt emf, ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns]
lhNnf cWoIf /fd lgjf; ofbj s] ;fy} cfGbf]ng/t ;Dk"0f{ g]tf;as] pkl:ty /xn
/x] . lj/f]w ;efd] dw]zL hgtfs] xs clwsf/ k|fKt gxf]Pnf ts xdlgs] cfGbf]ng hf/L
/xL cfjZos k/nf k/ km]?;] h]n hfos] n]n tof/ /xn sxng /fd]Zj/ /fo . cf]O;xLP
tdnf]kfs] o'jf g]tf clgn l;+x sxng kFFfr hgfs] kqmfp s s] cfGbf]ng g?s]s]
ljZjf/ /xn atPng . /f}tx6s] ;j gful/ss] dgd] v;jfbL ;/sf/ k|lt cfs|f]; /xn
ataOt k|zf;gåf/f xdgLs] kqmfp sPn] lgtL c;kmn xf]Pn bfjL sPng . cfGbf]ng/t
hg;}nfj, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf;as] bafas] cufl8 k|zf;g nrf/ xf]Ot xdlg;as] y'gfd'Qm
sPn] g]tf l;+x atPng . ;f} db]zL hg clwsf/ kmf]/d nf]stfGqLss] lhNnf cWoIf cho
u'Ktf sxng u[xdGqfnos] cfz]d] xdlgs] kqmfp sPn u]n /x] . y'gf cjlwe/ xdlgs]
ck/fwL /fv]jfnf z]nd] /fvs] oftgf b]nfs] jfb le xdgLs] xf};nf k/f:t gxf]Pn
u'Ktfs] bfjL /xn xP . cfO;xLP o'jf g]tf /]dGt emf sxng xd dw]z cf dw]zLs]
clwsf/s] n]n Pdfn] hO;g xhf/f] kf6L{ 5f]/]s] n]n tof/ 5L. cfh' e]n sf]0fzefs]
cWoIftf ;+o'St dw]zL df]rf{s] u?8f ;+of]hs a[h lszf]/ ofbjs] cWoIftd cf ;+l3o
kmf]/d g]kfns] lhNnf ;lrj hogfys] pb3f]if0fd] ;DkGg e]n xP .
sf]0f;ef ;sns] jfb
k|bz{gsf/L cf k|x/L lar e]n em8kd] k/s] ltg ;j{;wf/0f 3fon e]n xP . em8ks]
qmdd] k'ln;åf/ sPn u]n nfl7 rfh{;] a;ljl§ lhËl8ofs] z]v dGh'/, u?8f ahf/s] /fd
ljnf; rf}w/L cf uf=lj;= nIdLk'/ a]nlj5jfs] ;'/]Gb| a}7f 3fon e]n xP . 3on ltgf]
cfbdLs] pkrf/ :yfgLo x]Nyn}G8 xf]:kL6nd] sPn u]n va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
pjf;+3s]
cWoIfs] 3/ pk/ k'ln;åf/f sPn u]n cfs|d0fs] cfGbf]ng sf/Låf/f sfo{jfxLs] dfu
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
jt{dfg cjZyfd] b]z JofkL ?kd] hf/L x/n dw];L, cflbjf;L, hghftL, yf?,
d'l:nd cf l;df+s[t ju{ vf;d] dw];L hgtf 4f/f :jfot dw]; k|b]z k'0f{ ;dfg'kflts
;dfj];L hg k|ltlglwTj, klxrfgs] cfwf/d] l;df+sg, gdf+sg cf hg;+Vofs] cfwf/d]
lgjf{rg If]q sfod s/]s] hO;g ljleGg dfu ;lxt hgtfs] clwsf/ k|flKts] lglDt
dlxgf} ;] rnn cf /xn] zflGtk'0f{ dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] d+unjf/s] ;f+emd]
cfGbf]ng ?snfs] jfb /f}tx6 lhNnf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] O:k]s6/ ;Gt'nfn k|=
h};jf/ s] sdfG8d] /xn k|x/Lx? 4f/f pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 /f}tx6s] lhNnf cWoIf
sGtd'lg k|;fb ho;jfn s] 3/d] k'us] JolQmut l/:jL;] hfg d/]s] hO;g wdsL, ufnL,
a]Ohlt cf 3/s] s]df/Ld] nft;] df/s] ql;t agfj]s] hO;g cdfgljo Jojxf/ sPn] sfo{k|lt
/f}tx6s] dw]; cfGbf]ngd] ;Ddflxt ;o'Qm dw];L df]rf{, d'l:nd df]rf{, yf?
sNof0fsf/L ;ldtL, dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{-s|flGt sf/L_ s] cfh' dxDbk'/ xfO{ :s'nd] aO7s aO7n /x] .;+o'Qm a}7s
4f/f lgh O:k]6/s] sf/jfO{ s/]s] dfu s] ;fy] pgsf pk/ e]n Jojxf/ k|lt df]rf{
4f/f 3f]/ eT;{gtf sPn u]n xP . ;fy] v; jfbL ;/sf/s] O;f/fd] bh{gf} dw];L hgtfs]
3fon xf]Pn cf 3fon;a k|lt df]rf{ l;3|
:jf:Yo nfes] sfdgf s/Ot cfGbf]ngd]
;xeflu ;Dk'0f{ Gofo k|]ld hg;d'bfo;as] xflb{s awfO{ O x] k|]; lj1KtL dfkm{t
/f}tx6s] tdfd dw];L, d'l:nd, yf?, dhb'/, ls;fg, pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, kqsf/, lzIfs,
Pj+d ;+3if{t o'jf ju{df hfgsf/L s/Pn] k|; lj1KtLd] pNn]v sPn u]n xP .
l/kf]6{;{ sNa g]kfn zfvf
/f}tx6s] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n
alHhsf
Go'h 8]:s
/f}tx6
lhnfs] u?8f gu/kflnsf cGtu{t a;ljl6 lhªul8fd] e]n xP cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg
e]n xP . cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd l/kf]6{;{ sna g]kfns] ;fIffTs/ sIf /f}tx6 zfvf s]
cu'jfO{ l/kf]6{;{ Sna g]kfn zfvf /f}tx6s] cWoIf cledGo" k6]ns] cWoIftd]
;DkGg e]n xP . ;+l3otf ;lxts] klxrfg cf cfTd lg0fo{s] clwsf/ ;lxts] gf/f ;lxts]
sfo{qmd] d] ljleGg jStf;a ckg ckg aft /vn] /x] . cGt/lqmof so{qmdd] ;fljs
lhËl8of uflj;s] ;dfh;]jL aliz6 /fo ofbjs] k|d'v cfltYod] sfo{qmd ;Dkgg e]n /x]
. sfo{qmds] o'jf g]tf /fhs'df/ bf;, sf};n cfnd ldynf, /fdafns u'Kt, /fh]Gb| /fpt
cf uf}l/ z+s/ kfn s] ;fy] /f]l8of] dw]z hg cjfhs] cWoIf k|xnfb ;fx, qmflGtsf/L
kqsf/ dxf;+3s] ;b:o lht]Gb| >Ljf:tjs] clyTo /xn /x] . cGt/ lqmof sfo{qmdd]
al;ljl6 lhËul8fs] ;j{;wfg/, hgtf, a'4lhjL, ;dfh;]jL, dlxnf ;lxt ;of} JolQm ;as]
pkl:yt /xn /x] . sfo{qmdd] z}n]Gb| l;+x sxng xdlgs] clwsf/ ckg cfj]jfnf k':tfs]
n]n ;'lglZrt eljiof cf dw]zs] clwsf/ s] n]n $! lbg;] cfGbf]ng s/ /xn l5, O
cfGbf]ng cGtLd r/0fd] k'u u]n xP. ckg] ;a w}o{ wf/0f s s] O cfGbf]ng d]
;xeflutf hgfj]s] n]n clkt sPn] /xng . sfo{qmd] k|]d z+s/ u'Ktf, /fd nfn ofbj,
dGh'/ cfnds] ;fy] bh{gf} jStf;a dw]z cf dw];Ls] clwsf/ cf ckg klxrgs] n]n O
n8fO xf]/n xP . ckg clwsf/s] n]n cle g ;8sk/ pt/a t clwsf/ g ldnL cf dw]z cf
dw];Ls] ;fy] lje]b xf]Ot /xL jStf;as] sxgfd /xn /x] . ;+rfng e]n cGt/ lqmofof
sfo{qmdd] ;+rf/sld{s] cf]/;] /]l8of] dw]z hg cjfhs] cWoIf k|xnfb ;fx, /fhb]jL
ldl8fo ;]G6/s] cWoIf le dGtJo b]n] /x] . sfo{qmds] ;+rfng /]l8of] dw]z d;nfs]
:6]:g d}g]h/ dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L sPn] ;dfrf/ k|fKt e]n xP .
;}s8f] k|bz{gsf/L sPn] xP k'tnf bxg
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
dw];Ls] clwsf/;] alGrt s s] agn ;+ljwfgs] lj/f]wd] uflj;
lj;'gk'j{f dfgk'/d] ljleGg g]tfs] k'tnf
bxg sPn u]n xP. ;Gtf]if d'lvofs] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn ;}s8f] o'jf k|bz{gsf/L lzif{
g]tf ;lxt b'uf] ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPn] xP. uflj; lj;'gk'jf{ dfgk'/d] e]n lj/f]w
k|bz{gd] lzif{ g]tf s]lk zdf{ cf]nL, ;ef;b dfwj s'df/ g]kfn cf If]q g+= $ s]
;ef;b ;To gf/fo0f euts] k'tnf bxg sPn u]n xP . k|bz{gsf/Låf/f ljleGg lsl;ds]
gf/f jfhL s/Ot lj/f]w k|bzg{ sPn u]n xP. lj/f]w k|bz{gd] :yfgL kjg k+l8t, ljho k+l8t nufots] ;}s8f] k|bz{gsf/Ls] pkl:ytL /xn
x/]Gb| d'lvof hgPn] 5g . cf]O;xLP /f}tx6
lhnfs] uflj; ktf}/fd] ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] k"jf{ lhNnf ;b:o k[YjL
gf/fo0f ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] ;}s8f] sfo{stf{;a ktf}/fs] c;ktfn rf}sd] k'us] lzif{
ltg g]tfs] ;fy] ;dfg'kftLs ;ef;bs] k'tnf
bxg sPn] xP . k'tnf bxg sfo{qmdd] lzif{ g]tf s]lk z{df cf]nL, k|wfgdGqL
sf]O/fnf cf u[xdlGq afdb]j uf}td ;lxt ;dfg'kflts ;ef;b c;f]s ho;jfns] le k'tnf
bxg sPn u]n va/ k[YjL gf/fo0f ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
lh+ul8ofs] ;dfh;]jL,
a'4hLjL cf o'jf ;a dgPns an}s 8]
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
uf?8f
gu/kfln cGtu{t /xn a;ljl6\6 lh+ªul8fjf;L cfh' ;a]/] sl/a xhf/f]s] ;+Vofd]
k|bz{g sPn] /x] . k|bz{gsf/L ;a ckg ckg xftd] sl/of em08f af]ss] ljleGg gf/f cf
h'n; nujOt k}bn] lhªul8of, uDx/Lof, /3'gfyk'/, ljtf{ kl/qmdf sPn] /x] . k|bz{gd]
nueu ;le ufps] cfd ;d'bfos] le8 b]vn u]n /x] . pd8n le/ d] sl/a ;le kf6L{s]
sfo{s/tf ;a s] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . kl/qmdfs] jfb k|bz{gsf/L ;a lh+ul8of rf}sk/
sf]0f ;efd] kl/0ft e]n s6xl/ofd] ;DkGg e]n ;j{blnP a}7s
s6xl/of ;xsld{
dw];Ls] cnu ss] agf]jfn ;+ljwfg xdlgs] dfGo gxf]O sxOt cfh'
/f}tx6s] s6l/ofd] ;j{blno a}7s ;DkGg e]n xP. a}7s ;] ljxfg s6xl/of ahf/ aGb
s/]s] ;fy] lbkfjnL gdgfj]s] lg0fo{ sPn u]n xP. a}7s ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfn
ufp OsfO sldl6 s6xl/ofs] cWoIf ljBof ;fu/ ofbjs] cWoIftfd] aO7n a}7sd] g]kfnL
sf+u|;s] dxfclwj]zg k|ltlglw ;km{nfn u'Ktf, g]skf Pdfn]s] ;s[of sfo{stf{ /fd
d+un ofbj cf Pdfcf]jfbLs] k|ltlglw ;lxt dw]zL bns] sfo{stf{ ;d]t s] pkl:yt /xn
s6xl/of ;xsld{ hgPn] 5t .
dw]zL hg cfGbf]ngs] hfoh
atPn] xP pkef]Qm ;xsf/L ;+3
s6xl/of ;xsld{
dw]zL hg cfGbf]nghs] hfoh dfu /xn cf :j+ lul/hf k|;fb
sf]Onf/f eL Psf/ k"j{ ;dod] xL :jLsf/ s/r'sn n]lsg dw]zs] bdg cf ;f];g
s/]s] ;f]r ;] dw]zLs] clwsf/ s] gofF jgn ;+ljwfgd] bfjn u]n /f}tx6 pkef]Stf
;xsf/L ;+3 Puf] k|z lj1lKt dfkmf{t hgPn] xP. lk5nf lbgd] e]n dw]zL hgtfs] pk/
bdg k|lt b'Mv JoQm sPn u]n xP. ;+3s] cWoIf t]h gf/fo0f /fo ofbjs] c:yfIfs/ /xn
k|]; lj1lKtd] dw]z cf dw]zLs] clwsf/ k|fKtLs] n]n ndx/ ;] ndx/ :t/s] ;f]r agf]
cuf8L a9]nf Tof/ /x]nf sxn u]n cf Ps/f cnfjf bf];/ sf}gf} ljsNk g/xn lj1lKtd]
pNn]v sPn u]n xP.
/f}tx6s] xlyofxLd]
lgsfnn] xP d;fn h'n';
s6xl/of ;xsld{
dw]zL, hghflt, cflbjf;L, yf?, d'l:nds] dfu s] Joj:yf s s]
;/sf/åf/f 3f]if0f xf]P hf/xn ;+ljwfgs] lj/f]w s/Ot ckg xs clwsf/ ;'lglZrt s/]s]
dfu /vOt dw]z cfGbf]ng ;+3if{ ;ldlt xlyofxLåf/f ljleGg gf/f ;lxt d;fn h'n';
k|bz{g sPn u]n xP. xlyofxL @ s] 5]bL rf}s ahf/ ;] z'? e]n d;fn h'n';s] ;f] 3/
3/ d] sl/of em08f nujOt ljleGg jf8{s] kl/qmdf sPn u]n xP. lhnf ;+3if{ ;ldlt
/f}tx6s] ;b:o tyf tdnf]kfs] lhnf sfo{ ;ldlt ;b:o /fdfsfGt rf}/l;ofs] ljz]if
;lqmotfd] cf xlyofxL ;+3if{ ;ldlts] ;+of]hs lw/]Gb| k|= ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] pQm
sfo{qmd d] ;}s8f]s] ;+Vofd] :yfgLo jf;Ls] ;xeflutf /xn s6xl/of ;xsld{ hgPn] 5t .
dft[s ;d'xs] g]tf sPn] xP
sl/of em08f k|bz{g .
s6xl/of ;xsld{
hf/L xf]Pjfnf ;+ljwfgs] lj/f]w s/Ot cfh' g]skf dfcf]jfbL
dft[sf ;d'xs] o'jf g]tf ;'af]w ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] sl/of em08f k|bz{g sPn u]n xP.
sl/of em08f n]s] lgsnn k|bz{g 6f]nL v];/lxof;] lgsns] s?lgof xf]Ot ;'sb]j
rf}sk/ k'us] sl/of em08f uf8n u]n va/ k|fKt e]n xP.
df]6f/ ;fOns b'3{6gfd] k/
s] # hgf e]n xP 3fon
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
rGb|lgufxk'/ ;] uf}/
hf/xn df]6/;fO{sn b'3{6gf xf]Pnf;] df]6/ ;fOsnd] ;jf/ ltghgf 3fon e]n
xP. b' hgf s] cj:yf ulDe/ /xn xP. rGb|lgufxk'/ uf}/ ;8s v08s] afnrgk'/d] /f]8k/
/vn O6fd] af= @! K ^#$! gDa/s] df]6/;fO{sn O6fd] 7f]ss] lu/nfk/ xhldlgofF uflj;
( vf}/xfs] @@ alif{o zGtnfn ;fx, #* alif{o dxdb cfnd cf @) aif{s] tl;g kmls/
3fon e]n xP. 3on e]n JolQm ;ad];] cfdn cf kmls/s] cj:yf ulDe/ xf]Pnfsf sf/0f yk
pkrf/s] n]n la/u+Gh k7Pn] O{nfsf k|x/L sfo{fno rGb|lgufxk'/ hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP.
df]6/;fO{sn rfns ;fx rGb|lgufxk'/ l:yt c:ktfnd] pkrf/ s/f/xn xP .
;ldIff sfo{qmd e]n xP
;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
Knfg OG6/g]zng g]kfn /f}tx6s] ;xof]u tyf hg;]jf g]kfn
/f}tx6s] cfof]hgfd] z'qmjf/s] lbg :yfgLo ;v'cjf uflj;d] afn;+/If0f ;ldlts] kbflwsf/Ls]
;xeflutd] ;ldIff sfo{qmd ;DkGg sPn] xP. ;v'cjf uflj;s] k|fljlws ;xfos pd]z
ofbjs] ;efcWoIftfd] ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdd] @! hgf ;/f]sf/jfnf;as] ;xeflutf /xn /x]
. ;ldlts] afnSna;] sPn] lqmofsnfks] ;Dagwd] uflj;s] of]hgf tyf ah]6 th{'df cf
afn clwsf/s] l;4fGts] ljifod] sfo{qmdd] uxg 5nkmn e]n /x] . sfo{qds] cGtod]
afn;+/If0fs] n]n !% hgs] /f]xj/d] afnaflnsfs] of]hgf to sPn u]n /x] . sfo{qmds]
;xhLs/0f hg ;]jf g]kfns] ;xhstf{ dgf]h s'df/ ofbj sPn] va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
;nf{xLd] lgsnn xP
xhf/f]s] ;+Vofd] df]6/;fOsn /}nf
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;+o'Qm nf]stfGqLs dw]zL df]rf{ s] sfo{s/tfåf/f ;nf{xLs] @$
uf] uflj;d] j[xt df]6/ ;fOsn /}nf ;DkGg sPn] xP . ;nf{xL lhnfs] tdnf]ks] ;ef;b
s]bf/ gGbg rf}w/Ls] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn xhf/f}s] ;+Vofd] df]6f/ ;fOsn /}nf sf]0f;efd] kl/0ft xf]s] ;DkGg e]n xP . ;nf{xL
lhnfs] crnu9;] ;'? e]n df]6/;fOsn /}nf dLhf{k'/, c/gfxf, an/f, 5tf}gf, ;'bfdf,
wgsf}n xf]Ot cf] If]qs] ljleGg @$ uf] uflj;s] kl/qmdf s/Ot cf k'nL; bdg aGb s/,
dw];Ls] dfu k'/f s/ , xTof/f u[x dlGq /flhgfdfb] nufots] ljleGg lsl;ds] gf/f
nujOt 8'dl/of ahf/k/ sf]0f ;efd] kl/0ft e]n /x] . sf]0f ;efd] af]nOt jStf nf]u
dw]; cf dw];Ls] dfu k'/f gxf]Pnf ts sf8f;] s8f cGbf]ns] ?k xf]Ps] sxn] ;nf{xL
;xsdL{ hgPn] 5t .
;nf{xLd] e]n xP cd/]z
l;+xs] k'tnf bxg .
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] ;]vf}gf
uflj;d] g]kfnL sf+u|;s] ;ef;b 8f+ cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] ljlwjt k'tnf bxg sPn u]n
xP . ;nf{xLs] o'jf g]tf cfzf]s s'df/
ld>s] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn ;os8f] sfo{stf{ ;a ;nf{xL lhnnfs] ;]vf}gf uflj;d]
g]kfnL sf+u|;s] ;ef;b 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] lxGb' k/Dk/fs] cg';f/ ljlwjt k'tnf
bxg sPn] xP. cf]O;fxL crnu9d] b]j]Gb| /fos] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn ;os8f] sfo{stf{;a
pQm ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPn] ;nf{xL ;xsld{ hgPn] 5t .
ljZjsdf{ k"hf cf Clif d+rdL dgfanu]n xP w'dwfds] ;fy
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
cfl;g ! ut] dgfa] hfPafnf ljZjsdf{ k"hf w'dwfds] ;fy
dgfanu]n xP . /f}tx6 lhnfs] 5f]6;] n]s] ndx/ ahf/ cf ufFcf]d] eL ljZjsdf{
k"hf w'dwfds] ;fy dgfanu]n xP . k"hfs] cj;/k/ pBf]ud] ljZjsdf{s]
d"lt{ :yfkgf ss] ljlwk"j{s k"hf sPnu]n xP . afaf ljZjsdf{s]
cfzLjf{b k|flKts] n]n k"hfs] ;fy] sLt{g dG8nLåf/f ehg sLt{g eL sPnu]n xP .
ljZjsdf{ k"hf;] ;fne/ dl;g ;fy b]a]s] cf pBf]u sf/vfgf eL lgdg;] rn]s]
ljZjf; /xn xP . lhnfs] cf}Bf]lus gu/Ls] ?kd] kl/ro :yflkt s//xn u?8fs] ljleGg
pBf]ud] ceL ;fFemts k"hfs] w'd drn xP . k"hfs] cj;/k/ ljleGg huxk/
gfrufgs] sfo{qmd eL /vn va/ xP . PxL aLr dlxnf ;as] Puf] lk|o kagLs] ?kd] /xn
Clif k+rdL eL >4f cf elStk"j{s dgfanu]n
xP .
clwsf/ ldNnfs] jfb jft{f hfPs] wf/0f JoQm sPng uf]kfn 7fs'/
s6xl/of ;xsld{
;+l3o klxrfg ljgfs] ;+ljwfg gdfg]s], /fli6«o cfTd lg0fo{s]
clwsf/ xf]Ps] cf jftf{d] clwsf/ ldnnfk/ hfPs] jft ;+o'Qm dw];L /fli6«o hg
cfGbf]ng ;ldlts] ;x ;+of]hs uf]kfn 7fs'/ atPn] 5t . :yfgLo ;dfh;]jL s]jn
rf}w/Ls] cWoIftfd] /f}tx6 lhnfs] uflj; l;d|fejfgLk'/ ahf/k/ e]n sfo{qmd] cO;g
wf/0f JoQm sPn] /xng . sfo{qmdd] o'jf g]tf ;'af]w ofbj, /fhs'df/ ofbj,
tdnf]kfs] lhnnf cWoIf afa'nfn ;fx cf /]dGt emf nufots] g]tf nf]us] pl:ytL /xn
/x] . sfo{qmd] dw]; cf dw];Ls] clwsf/s] jft g]tfnf]u] atPn] /x] . pQm sfo{qmd]
xhf/f] ;+Vofd] sfo{stf{ ;lxt :yfgLo jf;Ls] pkl:ytL /xn s6x/Lof ;xsld{ atPn] 5t
.
;nf{xLs] a/xyjf agn ca gu/kflnsf
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] u|fdL0f If]qs] k|d'v ahf/s] ?kd] cfa]afnf
a/xyjf ca gu/kflnsf agn xP . g]kfn ;/sf/ cfh' a/xyjf cf cf;kf;s] uflj; ldnfs]
gofF gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff e]n xP . a/xyjf gu/kflnsfd] ;flass] a/xyjf uflj;s] ;fy]
d"lt{of, xhl/of cf nf}s7 uflj;s] ldnfanu]n xP . rf/uf] uflj; ldnfs]
gj3f]lift ax/yjf gu/kflnsfd] tTsfn !@ jf8{ /xn cf a/xyjf gu/kflnsfs] hg;+Vof %)
xhf/ $@$ /xn b]vnu]n xP .
sn}of gu/kflnsfd] ykfPn cf7uf] uflj;
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
af/fs] ;b/d'sfd sn}of gu/kflnsfd] cf7uf] uflj; yk sPnu]n xP
. sn}of gu/kflnsfd] wd{gu/, aln/fdk'/, a3jg, bf]x/L, pq/lem6s}of, etf}8f,
df]lt;/ cf l;;xlgof uflj;s] yk ss] sn}of gu/kflnsfs] lj:tf/ sPnu]n xP . klxn];]
!$uf] jf8{ /xn sn}of gu/kflnsfd] !! uf]
jf8{ ykfs] ca @%uf] jf8{ agn xP . gu/kflnsfs] lj:tf/s] ;fy] sn}of gu/kflnsfs]
hg;+Vof ca *^ xhf/ #!* k'un xP .
;nf{xL d] tLg ;ef;bs] sPn u]]n xP k'tnf bxg .
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] xlycf}n * d] ;o'Qm nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] xhf/f]
sfo{stf{ ;a tLguf] ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPn] xP . lzjhL lu/L s] g]t[Tj d] lgsnn
xhf/f] sfo{stf{ ;nf{xL lhnfs] xlycf}n * d] k'tnf bxg sfo{s|d ;Ddkg sPn] xP .
ljleGg gf/f jfhLs] ;fy] afhf ufhf ;lxt g]skf Pdfn]s] sdnf b]jL dxtf] g]kfnL
hgtf bns] xl/r/0f ;fx cf g]kfnL sfu|];s] 8fs6/ cd/]z s'df/ l;ª s] k'tnf bxg
sPn] xP . cfO;fxL ;nf{xLs] crnu9 uf=lj=;= jf8{ g+= $ lzif{ ltg bns] g]tfs]
k'tnf bxg sPn u]n xP . d'lgn s'df/ l;+x cf aliif7 gf/fo0f rf}w/Ls] g]t[Tjd]
lgsnn 6f]nL crnu9 uflj;s] jf8 g+= $ d] lzif{ g]tf k|wfgdGqL z'l;n sf]O/fnf,
s]lk cf]nL, afdb]j uf}tds] k'tnf bxg s/Ot ljleGg gf/fjfhL sPn u]n ;n{fxL ;xsld{
hgPn] 5t .
cfa]jfn # ut] sl/of lbg dgfj]s] sPn u]n lg0fo{
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhNnfs] l;;f}l6of uflj;d] dw]z cfGbf]ngs] ;kmn
agfj]s] n]n :yfgLo jf;L ;a #)) ;] Hofbf s] ;+Vofd] df]6/;Osn /}nL lgsfnn] xP . #))
;] Hofbfs] ;+vofd] lgsnn df]6f/;fOsn /}nL l;;f}l6of cun auns] ;Dk"0f ufps]
kl/qmdf s/Ot k'gM l;;}fl6of cfs] sf]0f ;efd] kl/l0ft e]n /x] . sf]0f ;efd]
af]nOt ljleGg jStf nf]u cfj]jfnf cfl;g # ut]s] lbg ;+ljwfg 3f]if0fs] lbg gxf]s]
sl/of lbgs] ?kd] dgfj]s] aft sxn] /x] . hats dw]z cf dw];Ls] clwsf/ g ldnL ta
ts cfGbf]ng hf/L /xL, ;+ljwfg 3f]if0f sPnfs] jfb cfGbf]ng pu| ?kd] cfj]s] jft
a]r' dxtf]s] xjfnf b]Ot ;nf{xL ;xsld{ hgPn] 5t .
%! k|ltz dw]zLs] jft ;dfj]z gxf]Pn ;+ljwfg nfu" gxf]Ps] atfPng /fdhL
;fx
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L÷u?8f
g]kfn ;'g rfFbL Joj;foL dxf ;+3s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fdhL ;fx
;f]gf/ dw];Ls] clwsf/s] n8fO ;sf/fTds xP Ps/f k|fKtLs] n]n cfGbf]ng h?/L /xn atPn]
5t . >L % ;/sf/s] afb d] cfPn >L #
;/sf/ dw]; cf dw];Ls] clwsf/ gb]a]s] cf ha/h:tL ;+ljwfg nfu" s/]jfn
;+ljwfg dw]zd] cdfGo xf]O . ;+ljwfg 3f]if0f s/]s] cle ;do xOo xP Ox] ljrd]
dw];L ;d'bfos] jft{s] dfWod;] ;dfj]; s/fs] ;+ljwfg nfu' s/]s]n]n >L #
;/sf/;] cfu|x sPn] 5t .
rf/ kagLs] ef/ cf aGbs] df/;] ;j{;fwf/0f agn xP k/;fg
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L ÷u?8f
dw];L ;d'bfos] rf/uf] kagL Ps]a]/ k/nf;] kjgL
s/]afnf ;d'bfo lg/Gt/s] aGb;] cTolws k|efljt e]n xP . Ps dlxgf;] a];L ;do;]
lg/Gt/ dw]; cfGbf]ngs] rnt] aGb /xnf;] tLh, rf}srg, Clifk+rdL cf ljZjsdf{
k"hf ldnfs] rf/uf] kagL tLg lbgd] xL k/nf;] ;j{;fwf/0f cTolws k|efljt e]n
xP . lhnfs] clwsf+z ahf/ aGb /xn cf
oftfoft;d]t k"/] aGb /xnf;] kagL s/]afnf cf k"hf dgfa]afnf
nf]u ;fdfg lsg] g;sn xP . kagLs] ;dod] eL bf]sfg ;a aGb /xnf;] Pscf]/ bf]sfgbf/
nf]u ax't dsf{d] k/n xP t bf];/cf]/ kagL s/]afnf eL k/;fgLd] k/n b]vnu]n xP .
;+:s[ltpk/ rf?cf]/;] cfqmd0f xf]/xn cj:yfd] dw];L ;d'bfos] kagLs] lbg eL v'ns]
kagL dgfa]s] cj:yf gxf]gfO eL b'ef{Uos] aft xL /xn ;+:s[ltk|]dL nf]us] sxgfd xP
.
bLkxLd] u7g e]n xP ;+3if{ ;ldlt
;+ho dxtf]÷lbkxL
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] cufl8 a9fa]s] n]n
ufFcf]–ufFcf]d] k'ufgfO h?/L /xn sxOt /f}tx6s] bLkxLd] ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n
xP . dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ;dy{gd] ufFcf]d] Puf] e]nf;] ;fd"lxs g]t[Tj k|0ffnLs]
;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n xP . zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{s] n]n bLkxLd] ul7t ;+3if{
;ldltd] lbg]z s'df/ ofbj, /fh]z ofbj, dgf]h kf;jfg, /fhlszf]/ k|;fb ;fx, j}Bgfy
k|;fb ofbj, ljho k|;fb ho;jfn, pk]Gb| /fo, hf]v' ;fx, k|sfz kf;jfg, nfxL k|;fb
;fx, nlvrg k|;fb ;fx, ljgf]b dxtf] nufots] nf]u /xn 5t . cO;xL ;ldlts]
;nfxsf/d] /fd Psafn /fo ofbj, /gwL/ k|;fb ofbj, jL/]Gb| ofbj, ljh'{ /fo ofbjnufots] nf]u 5gf]6 e]n :yfgLo
;+ho dxtf] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL lzIfs kmf]/d g]kfn lj1lKt lgsfns] kqmfp
k/n g]tfs] l/xfOs] sPn] xP dfu
k|sfz >]i7÷s6xl/of
/f}tx6s] uf}/;] kqmfp k/n kfFrhg] g]tfs]
tTsfn l/xf s/]nf ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL lzIfs kmf]/d g]kfn dfu sPn] xP . s'5 lbg klxn] kqmfp
ss] kfFrf]hg] g]tfpk/ ;fj{hlgs ck/fw d'bfd] km;fa]s] sfd eL xf]Pn xP h] Psbd
lgGbgLo /xn kmf]/ds] sxgfd xP . lzIfs kmf]/ds] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf r'NxfO{ /fo ofbj
Puf] k|]; lj1lKt lgsfns] ckg clwsf/s] n]n zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngd] pt/n
g]tfs] kqmfp sPnu]n sfds] lgGbf s/Ot ckgf ;+u7gs] t/km;] hNbL;] hNbL lagf zt{
l/xfOs] dfu eL sPn] 5t . zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngd] /xn g]tfs] kqmfp ss]
;fj{hlgs ck/fw d'bfd] km;fa]s] sfd xf]/xnf;] hNbL l/xfO gsPnfk/ lzIfs kmf]/d
cfGbf]ng s/]s] afWo xf]Ps] lj1lKtd] /xn s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7 hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
r'/] If]q;] cj}w tl/sf;] kyn cf lu6L lgsfn]s] sfd xf]/xn
xP tLj|
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
lhnf jg sfof{no /f}txt lgoldt?k;] cg'udg
gsPnf;] r'/] If]q;] cj}w lsl;d;] lu6L cf kyn lgsfn]s] sfd tLj| xf]/xn xP . lhnf
jg sfof{no tyf :yfgLo k|zf;g r'/] tyf gbL cf;kf;s] If]q;] lu6L cf kyn lgsfn]s]
sfdk/ k|ltaGw xf]Pnfk/ eL s'5 6]s6/ Joj;foL cO;g sfd s/t] cfPn xP . cj}w
tl/sf;] lgsfnn u]n lu6L cf kyn rfgL gbLs] lsgf/s] ;fy] u]8f6f/ cf;kf;s] If]qd]
;+sng sPn u]n xP . lgoldt ?k;] cg'udg g xf]P ;snf;] b}lgs rfln; 6]s6/;] a]l;
kyn cf lu6L cj}w ?k;] ;+sng xf]/xn cf s]gx';] sf}gf] lsl;ds] /f]s gxf]/xn
;j{;fwf0fs] sxgfd /xn k|lts b}lgs k/ va/ pknAw xP .
gf} af]/f cj}w sk8f a/fdb
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6 k|x/L ;ft nfv;] clws d'No j/fj/s] cj}w
sk8f ks/n] xo . ef/ts] ;f]gjf/;f jhf/;] ;nf{xLs] dn+unjf gfsf xf]s] sf7df08's]
t/km n]hf/xn s/Lj ;ft nfv d'No a/fj/s] cj} sk8f rGb|lgufxk'/ k|x/L ks8n] xo .
k'j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ ;8s v08 cGtu{t rGb|k'/ gu/kfnLsf jhf/d] gf %v $#&)
gDa/s] ofq'jfxs a;d] ( kf]sf sk8f rf]/fs] sf7df08's] t/km n]hf/xn cj:yfd] Onfsf
k|x/L sfof{no rGb|lgufxk'/s] k|x/L u:tL6f]nL ks8n] l8P;lk dgf]h ofbj atPn] 5y .
k|x/Låf/f ks8nu]n sk8fs] sf]gf] k|sf/s] ljn ge]nfs] rNt] cfjZos s/jfxLs] n]n
uf}/ eG;f/ sfof{nod] a'emPn] l8P;lk ofbj atPn] 5y .
;Gtk'/d] ;DkGg e]n xP afn ;dLIff sfo{qmd
alHhsf Go"h
8]:s
Knfg OG6/g]zgn
g]kfn /f}tx6s] ;xof]ud] hg;]jf g]kfn /f}tx6s] cfof]hgfd /f}tx6s] ;Gtk'/d] b'uf]
jf8{s] afn ;+/If0f ;ldlts] ;ldIff sfo{qmd afn sNof0f lgDg
dfWolds ljBfnod] ;DkGg e]n xP . ;ldlts] ;nfxsf/ Pjd k"j{ uflj; cWoIf uf]ljGb
k|;fb rf}w/Ls] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] ;ldlts] k|ltlglw,
;Gtk'/ x]Ny kf]i6s] k|d'v lbg]z rf}w/L, afn Snas] ;b:o nf]u cf :yfgLo a'l4lhlj;lxt
PsO;hg]s] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . cO;xL ;dgk'/, v];/lxof cf e]l8ofxL uflj;d] eL
sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n hg;]jfs] sfo{qmd k|aGws efUogf/fo0f dxtf] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;nf{xLs] v}/afd] ;DkGg e]n xP j[xb lj/f]w ;ef
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;+o'St nf]stflGqs
dw];L df]rf{ ;nf{xL lhnfs] v}/af uflj;d] a[xb lj/f]w ;ef ;DkGg sPn] xP .
afa'gGb ofbjs] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg lj/f]w ;efs] ;Daf]wg s/Ot k|d'v cltly /f}tx6 If]q
gDa/ ! s] k"j{;ef;b aag l;+x ef/ts] ;fy] a]6L/f]6Ls] ;DaGw xf]Pnf;] sf}gf]
g tf]/ ;s]s] atPng . cO;xL g]tf l;+x ckgf 3/s] /Iff gs/;s]afnf dw]; cf b]zs]
/Iff eL s/]g;s]s] :ki6 sPn] 5t . jt{dfg cj:yfd] dw];d] rn/xn cfGbf]ngs] cfa]afnf
;Gtfgs] lxtd] /xn eL g]tf l;+x atPn] 5t . sfo{qmdd] u?8f ;+3if{ ;ldlts] sf}z/
vfg ldlynf, /fhs'df/ bf; nufots] g]tfnf]u ;Daf]wg s/Ot dw];s] clwsf/ k|flKt
gxf]Pnfts n8fO hf/L /x]s] atPn] 5t . sl/a bz xhf/;] a];Ls] ;xeflutf /xn
sfo{qmdd] cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]uåf/f ljleGg lsl;ds] gf/fafhL s/Ot g]kfnL sf+u|];s]
;ef;b 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] k'tnf bxg eL sPn] ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
/f}tx6s] /fhb]jLd] zLif{ tLg bns] g]tfs] sPnu]n xP k'tnf
bxg
;nf{xL ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] /fhb]jL
uflj;d] zLif{ g]tfs] ;fy] 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] k'tnf bxg sPnu]n xP . ;nf{xL
lhnfs] crnu9f uflj;s] g/x/u+hd] :yfgLo g]tf nIdL ;xgL cf Zofdafa' bf;s]
g]t[Tjd] xhf/f] sfo{stf{ cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] k'tnf bxg sPn] xP . ljleGg gf/fafhL
s/Ot :yfgLo g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ ;a ckgf If]qs] ;ef;bs] xL k'tnf bxg s/Ot dw];s]
xslxtd] s'5f] s/]g;sn atPn] xP . cO;xL xlycf}n uflj; jf8{ gDa/ & d] u0f]z
lu/L cf jf8{ gDa/ @s] ;fy] /f}tx6s]
/fhb]jL uflj;d] zDe' lu/Ls] g]t[Tjd] tLg bns] zLif{ g]tfs] k'tnf bxg sPnu]n xP
. lu/Ls] cu'jfOd] ;os8f] sfo{stf{ gu/ kl/qmdf s/Ot ljleGg gf/fs] ;fy] g]kfnL
sf+u|];s] ;efklt Pj+ k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, Pdfn] cWoIf s]lk zdf{ cf]nL cf
Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfns] ;fy] ;ef;b 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] k'tnf bxg sPn
u]n ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
k;f{s] u|fdL0f If]qs] pkef]Stf nf]8;]l8ª;] k/;fg
alHhsf Go"h
8]:s
k;f{s] u|fdL0f
If]qs] pkef]Stf lah'nLs] ;]jf e/k/]afnf gxf]Pnf;] k/;fg agn xP . lgwf{l/t ;dok/
nfOg gcfa]s], nfOg gs6]s] ;dod] eL nfOg sf6]s], nfOg /xn cj:yfd] eL ef]N6]h
gxf]Ps]nufots] ;d:of;] k;f{s] u|fdL0f If]qs] lah'nL pkef]Stf k/;fg b]vnu]n xP .
ljB't k|flws/0f jL/u+h cf ;a :6]zg ljGbafl;gL ;dod] k|;f/0f nfOgs] d/Ddt
gsPnf;] ;j{;fwf/0f pkef]Stf lah'nL;] k/;fg /xn ;v'jf k/;f}gLs] ljB't pkef]Stf
dgf]x/ rf}w/Ls] sxgfd xP . cO;xL Ps dlxgf;] a];L ;do;] lah'nL pkef]Stf lah'nLs]
lan eL k|fKt s/] g;sn pkef]Stfs] sxgfd /xn xP .
;xLb 3f]if0ff s/]nf s'dL{ ;dfh sPn] xP dfu
alHhsf Go"h
8]:s
dw];d] hf/L
cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] d+unjf/ k'ln;s] uf]nL;] ?kGb]xLs] e}/xjfd] d[To' e]n rf/
al/;s] afns rGbg k6]ns] ;lxb 3f]if0ff s/]nf s'dL{ ;zlSts/0f d+r k;f{ cf s'dL{
;]jf ;bg jL/u+h dfu sPn] xP . Puf] k|];
lj1lKt lgsfns] afnss] ;lxb 3f]if0ff s/]s] dfu sPnu]n xP . kf]vl/of 3/ /xn afns
k6]n ckgf lktfs] ;fy] ?kGb]xLd] /xt] cfPn /x] . afnss] lktf cjw]; k6]n
?kGb]xLd] /xn clUg l;d]G6 pBf]ud] sfd s/Ot cfPn xP . d+rs] cWoIf ;Gtf]if k6]n
cf ;bgs] cWoIf ;'/]Gb| k|;fb s'dL{åf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtd] caf]w afnspk/ uf]nL k|xf/ ss] xTof sPnu]n sfds]
lj/f]w eL sPn] xP .
tLg ;ef;bs] k'tnf /f}tx6s] lzjgu/d] e]n xP bxg
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
;+o'St dw];L ;+3if{ ;ldltåf/f
lzjgu/d] tLghg] ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPnu]n xP . df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a ;ef;b
;Togf/fo0f eut, lht]Gb| ofbj cf czf]s ho;jfns] k'tnf bxg sPn] xP . lzjgu/
rf}sd] b'kxl/ofd] ;ldlts] lzjgu/ ;+of]hs n8fO ofbjs] cu'jfOd] ;os8f]
cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] ;xeflutfd] sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . sfo{qmdd] o'jf g]tf /fhs'df/
bf;, hogfy ofbj, sf}z/ vfg ldlynf, lzjz+s/ kfG8], cfhd vfFnufots] nf]us] ;xeflutf
/xn sf}z/ vfg ldlynf hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . cO;xL tdnf]kfs] /f}tx6 If]q gDa/ $ s]
If]qLo cWoIf cfhd vfFs] g]t[Tjd] dnfxL ahf/k/ lah'nLs] k|To]s kf]nk/ sl/of
emG8f nufanu]n xP . dnfxL ahf/k/ dw]; cfGbf]ngs] kIfd] gf/fafhL s/Ot 6fo/ af/s]
k|bz{g eL sPnu]n xP .
c1ft ;d"xåf/f /]Ghkf]:6d] sPnu]n xP cfuhgL
s6xl/of ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] Puf] /]Ghkf]:6d] c1ft
;d"x cfuhgL sPn] xP . d+unaf/ /ftd] sl/a Psah]s] ;dod] h+un;}of
/]Ghkf]i6d] rf/ hg]s] ;d"xd] u]n c1ft cfuhgL sPn] xP . kf]:6s] sDkfpG8s]
d"n u]6d] tfnf nufs] k]6f]n l56s] cfu nuPnf;] b'uf] df]6/;fOlsn Iflt u|:t
e]n xP . cfuhgL;] aLcf/ )%&–%&)& cf gf #! k *%%& gDa/s]
df]6/;fOlsn Iflt e]n k|x/L rf}sL kf]v/leG8fs] c;O{ /fd g/]z ;fxs] xjnf b]Ot
s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
zLtnk'/ a}/ulgofd] d;fn h'n'; k|bz{g
s6xl/of ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] lztnk'/ a}/ulgofdf
b" lbg d;fn h'n'; k|bz{g sPnu]n xP . ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s]
kfFrhg] g]tfs] kqmfp sPnu]n lj/f]wd] g]tf;s] lagf;t{ l/xfOs] dfu s/Ot zLtnk'/
a}/ulgofd] kr' /fo ofbj, zDe' bf;, u0f]z k|;fb ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] d;fn h'n'; k|bz{
sPnu]n :yfgLo /fdz/0f ofbjs] xjfnf b]Ot s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7 hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
df]rf{åf/f cfGbf]ngs] sfo{qmd sPnu]n
;fj{hlgs
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
efbf] @( ut] ?kGb]xLd] /fHo kIfåf/f rf/hg]s] xTof sPnu]n
sxOt ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{ /f}tx6 cf /fli6«o d'l:nd ;+3if{ u7aGwg
/f}tx6 Puf] k|]; lj1lKt lgsfns] 36gfs] 3f]/ lgGbf sPn] xP . df]rf{åf/f ljleGg
;+3{s] sfo{qmd eL 3f]if0ff sPnu]n xP . df]rf{åf/f efbf] #! ;] cfl;g # ut]ts
ljleGg sfo{qmdd] cfof]hgf s/]s] 3f]if0ff sPnu]n lj1lKtd] pn]v /xn xP .
;nf{xLd] 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+x;lxt yk Ps ;ef;bs]
k'tnf bxg
;fnf{lx ;xsld{
dw];s] kIfd] cfjfh a'nGb gsPn]
sxOt ;nf{xLd] 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+x ;lxt b'hg] ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPnu]n xP . ;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] ;os8f] sfo{stf{ ;nf{xL lhnfs] v}af{, ;'bfdf, dw'agL
ljleGg lsl;ds] gf/fafhL s/Ot h'n'; k|bz{gs] ;fy] b'hg] ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPn]
xP . df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a g]skf Pdfn];] ;dfg'kflts ;ef;b sdnf b]jL dxtf] cf
g]kfnL sf+u|];;] lgjf{lrt ;ef;b 8f= cd/]z s'df/ l;+xs] k'tnf bxg sPn] ;nf{xL
;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
dlxnf – k'?if lje]b Go'lgs/0f tflnd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
a]6L cf a]6fs] ;fy] dlxnf cf
k'?ifd] xf]Pafnf lje]bs] Go'gLs/0fs] n]n /f}tx6s] ljleGg uflj;d] tflnd ;DkGg
e]n xP . dlxnf ;'/Iff bafa ;d"x /f}tx66 cf Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfns] ;xsfo{d]
/f}tx6s] hogu/ cf bLkxLd] n}+lus lxF;f cf lje]b sd s/]nf Ps lbj;Lo tflnd b]nu]n
xP . ljkGg ;d'bfos] ;fy] nlIft ;d"xs] dlxnf cf k'?ifs] ;xeflutf /xn
tflndd] n}+lus lje]b sd s/]nf cf ;dtfd"ns ;dfhs] lgdf{f0fs] n]n
cy{k"0f{ tflnd b]nu]n clwsf/sdL{ b]jsL g]kfn hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
afnlbj; dgfas] qmdd] b'uf] af]l8{+ud] e]n
emu8fd] ;nf{xLd] bh{g nf]u 3fPn
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] v}jf{ uflj; jf8{
gDa/ ( w'jf{d] b'uf] af]l8{+ud] afn lbj; dgfa]s] ljifos] n]n b' kIfaLr hds]
df/kL6 e]n xP . df/lk6d] sl/a Ps bh{g;] a];L 3Pn e]n xP h]d] b" hg]s]
l:ylt lrGtfhgs /xn xP . uDeL/ 3fPnd] wd]{Gb| ofbj cf d's]z ofbjs] cj:yf uDeL/
/xn xP . uDeL/ 3fPn d's]z ofbj pkm{ /fh]z k|x/L hjfg /xn cf 5'6Ld] 3/] cfPn va/
xP . cGo 3fPnd] l;lsGb/ /fo ofbj, lbkf /fo ofbj, pd]z /fo ofbj, afnlszf]/ /fo
ofbj, ;'vn /fo ofbj, dx]z /fo ofbj, /fdc>] /fo ofbj, l;sL /fo ofbj, /fh]z
/fo ofbj cf b]j]Gb| /fo ofb;lxt Ps bh{g nf]u 3/]n' xfyxlyof/;] 3fPn e]n . uDeL/
3fPn b''g'hg]s] lhnf c:ktfn dn+ujfd] Onfh rn/xn ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t
.
kf]l7ofxLs] v'nf lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff s/]nf k|lta4tf sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
Knfg O{G6/g]zn g]kfns] ;xof]u, hg;]jf
g]kfn /f}tx6s] ;xhLs/0f tyf u?8f g=kf j8f :tl/o vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo
;ldlts] cfof]hgfd] u?8f gu/kflnsf j8f g+ & l:yt k|fylds ljBfno kf]l7oflxd] æv'Nnf lb;f d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ffs] n]n
k|lt4tf tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{qmdÆ ;DkGg e]n xP . u?8f g=kf j8f g+ & s]
j8f ;lrj tyf W-WASH-CC s] cWoIf df}h]nfn ofbjs] ;efWoIftf, u?8f
g=kf j8f g+=& s] j8f :tl/o vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldlts] ;b:o,
:yfgLo a'l4lhlj, afn Snas] k|ltlglw, dlxnf k|ltlglw tyf ljleGg /fhg}lts bns]
JolQmTjs] pkl:yltd] sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . sfo{qmdd] hg;]jf g]kfn /f}tx6s]
sfo{qmd ;+of]hs efUogf/fo0f dxtf] cg'udg s/]s] eL atPn] 5t . kf]l7ofxLs] b'g'
jf8{s] cfufdL cuxg dlxgfs] leQ/ v'nf lb;fd'St s/]s] k|lta4tf JoSt sPnu]n va/
k|fKt e]n xP .
clwsf/ gb]nfk/ h};] eL n]a]s] bfaL sPng
kmf]/d g]kfns] lhnf ;lrj hogfy ofbj
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L÷u?8f
;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns]
lhnf ;lrj hogfy ofbj dw];Ls] clwsf/s] n8fO ;sf/fTds ultd] cufl8 a9/xn atPn] 5t
. dw];;] lhts] u]n g]tf ;a;] dw];Ls] clwsf/s] kIfd] xf]Pafnf n8fOs] sdfG8/
ag]nf cfu|x sPn] 5t . dw];s] cfGbf]ng vfnL dw];Ls] dfq] gxf]s] dw];d] /x]afnf
;eLs] xf]Pnf;] ;eLs] ;fy b]a]nf eL x'g cfu|x sPn] 5t .
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
cfGbf]ng/t dw];L df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a /f}tx6s] ;'Gb/k'/d]
tLghg] ;ef;bs] k'tnf bxg sPn] xP . dw]; ;+3if{ ;ldlts] cfof]hgfd] ;+u|fdk'/
uflj;s] u9LdfO{ rf}s ;'Gb/k'/d] /f}tx6 If]q gDa/ $ ;] lgjf{lrt ;ef;b ;Togf/fo0f
eut, Pdfn];] ;dfg'kflts ;ef;b 8f= j+zLw/ ld> cf nfnafa' ofbjs] k'tnf bxg
sPnu]n xP . /jLGb| ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] e]n sfo{qmdd] ;befjgfs] /fhs'df/ bf;, sf}z/
vfg ldlynf, dGh/ cfnd, j;Gt 7fs'/, /d]z ;xgL, /fhf /fo ofbj, /fd hgs ;fx,
xl/Gb| /fo ofbjnufots] g]tf tyf sfo{stf{s] ;xeflutf /xn sf}z/ vfg ldlynf
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . k'tnf bxgs] ;do dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ;dy{g tyf ;/sf/s] lj/f]wd]
cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a gf/fafhL sPn] /x] .
l;d/f ejfgLk'/d] xhf/f]
sfo{stf{åf/f sPnu]n k|bz{g
s6xl/of ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] l;d/f ejfgLk'/d] xhf/f] sfo{stf{åf/f k|bz{g sPnu]n
xP . g]skf Pdfn]s] b'nfr{g ;fx cf uflj;s] k"j{cWoIf gfu]Gb| ofbjs] g]t[Tj
tyf dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nf]stflGqss] s'a/ rf}w/Ls] cu'jfOd] l;d/f ejfgLk'/
ahf/ k|bz{g sPnu]n xP . sf}gf] eL kf6L{s] ;b:o cf sfo{stf{ /xnfk/ eL dw];s]
;afnd] xdgL Ps /xnfs] ;fy] dw];s] ;fy /xn g]skf Pdfn]s] :yfgLo g]tfnf]u atPn]
5t . k|bz{gs] afb e]n /}nLs] k"j{ uflj; cWoIf gfu]Gb| ofbj, wd]{Gb| rf}w/Lnufots]
nf]u dw]; cf y?x6s] kIfd] dGtJo JoSt sPn] s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
clwsf/ gldnnfts
cfGbf]ng hf/L /x]s] ;befjgf g]tf >Ldgs] xP bfaL
s6xl/of ;xsld{
dw]; cf dw];Ls] dfus] b/lsgf/ ss] tLg bnåf/f hf/L xf]Pafnf
;+ljwfg sf}gf] b[li6;] 7Ls gxf]Pnf;] dw];L hgtf ckg n8fO hf/L /v]s] ;befjgf kf6L{s]
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o >Ldg gf/fo0f ld> bfaL sPn] 5t . /f}tx6s] ljtL{ k|:6f]sfd] cfof]lht
sfo{qmdd] df]rf{;] ;DalGwt v]Gxf /fo ofbj, zDe' lu/L, ;km{nfn s'zjfxf, b'vf
;fxnufots] g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ ;a dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];s] clwsf/s] n]n n8fOs]
cnfaf bf];/ sf}gf] ljsNk g/xn atPn] 5t . sfo{qmd /fh]Zj/ k|;fb ofbjs] cWoIftfd]
;DkGg e]n s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
afnlbj;s] cj;/k/
ljljw sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
k'glg{df{0f cf ;+ljwfg M afnclwsf/s] ;+/If0f xdgLs] clwsf/
d"n gf/f;lxt @%df cGt/f{li6«o afnlbj; ljleGg :yfgk/ ;DkGg e]n xP . /f}tx6s] lzjgu/d] /xn zf}/e O+lUn; af]l8{ª
:s'n u[t tyf g[To k|ltof]lutf ss] pTs[i7 ;xefuLs] k'/:s[t sPn] xP . cO;xL
kf]l7ofxLd] /xn a|fO6 km\o'r/ O+lUn; af]l8{ªs] lk|lG;kn nfnafa' k6]ns] g]t[Tjd]
lzlIfsf /f]ZfgL ho;jfn, ;+bLk ofbj;lxts] ;xefuLtfd] kf]l7ofxL;] lzjgu/ts /}nL
lgsfns] k|bz{g sPn] d'Ggf ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . cO;xL hg;]jf g]kfn cf Knfg
OG6/g]zgns] ;+o'St cfof]hgfd] u?8f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=!) dnfxLd] /xn ;/:jtL pRr
dfWolds ljBfnod] xflh/Lhjfkm k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg sPnu]n xP . efUogf/fo0f dxtf]s]
cWoIftf tyf ;|f]tJolSt ljGb]Zj/ k|;fb ;fxs] k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd]
gf}uf] ;d"x ;xefuL /xn /x] .
aGbs] sf/0f afnclwsf/;] jl~rt xf]/xn xP afnaflnsf
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
lg/Gt/s] aGb;] aGbs] If]qs]
afnaflnsf afnclwsf/;] jl~rt xf]Pnfk/ lrGtf JoSt sPn hf/xn xP . klxn] e'OFsks]
rnt] sl/a Ps dlxgf afnaflnsf ckgf k9]s] clwsf/;] jl~rt e]n /x] cf efbf] dlxgfe/
km]/ dw]; aGbs] rnt] :s'n aGb xf]Pnf;] afnaflnsf k9fO;] jl~rt e]nfk/
a'l4hLjLåf/f lrGtf JoSt sPn hf/xn xP . ;eL /fhgLlts bn tyf ;/sf/;d]t ljBfnos]
zflGt If]q 3f]if0ff s/r'sn cj:yfd] afnaflnsf ckgf k9fOs] cfwf/e"t
afnclwsf/;] jl~rt xf]/xn ax't b'vb /xn afnaflnsfs] If]qd] sfd s/t] cf/xn hg;]jf
g]kfns] sfo{qmd clws[t efUogf/fo0f dxtf] atPn] 5t . afnlbj;s] cj;/k/ ;fdfGo?k;]
sfo{qmd sPnu]nfk/ eL :s'nd] afnaflnsfs] pkl:yt s/fs] ;eLs] aLrd] sfo{qmd
s/fa]s] jftfj/0f gxf]Pnfk/ afnaflnsfd] eL vf;] ;Gt'li6 g/xn dxtf]s] sxgfd xP . afnaflnsf
;a afnlbj; dgfa]s] cj:yfts g/xgfO ax't ;f]rgLo kIf /xn clwsf/sdL{ l6sf l3ld/]
atPn] 5t . afnaflnsfs] eljio rf}k6 xf]/xnf;] afnaflnsfs] kIfd] afnclwsf/s] /Iff
s/gfO ax't h?/L /xn clwsf/sdL{ l3ld/]s] sxgfd xP . lg/Gt/s] aGb cf åGå;]
afnaflnsfs] dfgl;stfk/ gsf/fTds k|efj k//xn dgf]ljdz{stf{ /]0f' u'Ktfs] sxgfd
xP . lg/Gt/ aGb /xnfk/ afnaflnsfd] dgf]ljsf/ cfa]s] cf ckgf d"n sfd;]
ljd'v xf]Ps] cj:yf eL l;h{gf xf]Ps] ;Defjgf /xnf;] cleefjsLo ;r]tgf cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x s/]s] u'Ktfs] sxgfd xP . ;do;] :s'n hfP
g;snfk/ afnaflnsf lbge/ v]ns], 3f]+3L lags] cf d5/L df/s] ;do latf/xn b]vnu]n
xP . lbge/ 3fdfd] v]n]s] cf gbL–kf]v/Ls] kfgLd] gxPnf;] afnaflnsfs] a]df/Ld]
;Defjgf eL a9/xn xP . Pscf]/ afnaflnsfs] k9fO lau8/xn cf bf];/cf]/ afnaflnsfs]
Wofg bf];/fcf]/ hf/xnf;] afnaflnsfs] ljifod] uDeL/tf;] ;f]r]s] ;do cfPn
z+s/u'b/ pRr dfWolds ljBfno ;dgk'/s] k|frfo{ b]j]b| ;fxs] sxgfd xP .
;+ljwfg agnfk/ eL zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng sPnhf;s]s] atPng k"j{;ef;b
ofbj
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L÷u?8f
g]kfnL sf+u|]; /f}tx6s] ;efklt
tyf k"j{;ef;b s[i0f k|;fb ofbj ;+ljwfg agnfk/ dw]; cf dw];Ls] clwsf/ hlb
k"/f gxf]Ot xP t zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng s/]s] atPn] 5t . dw];d] d'Vo
?k;] gful/stfs] ;d:of cf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL nufots] dfus] ljifok/ ;+ljwfgd]
Joj:yf s/]s] zLif{ g]tf nf]u atPnfs] rnt] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf]Pnfts ljZjf; s/]nf
;eL;] cfu|x eL sPn] 5t . /]l8of] dw]; d;nfs] :6]zg d}g]h/ dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L;]
aftlrt s/Ot k"j{;ef;b ofbj dw];s] clwsf/ ldngfO h?/L /xn eL atPn] 5t .
kf]v/Ld] 8'as] afnss] d[To'
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] dnfxLd] kf]v/Ld] 8'as]
Ps afnss] d[To' e]n xP . tLg lbg;] e'nfPn u?8f gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !) dnfxLs]
/fd Psafn ;xgLs] sl/a ( al/;s] n8sf hut s'df/ ;xgLs] kf]v/Ld] 8'as] d[To' e]n
xP . ;dgk'/ hfPafnf d"n ;8s;] pQ/cf]/ Puf] kf]v/Ld] 5tfPn cj:yfd] ;a]/]
:yfgLoaf;L n8sfs] b]vnfk/ k|x/Ls] va/ sPn] /x] . d[ts afnss] dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls
g/xn cf lduL{;d]t;] kLl8t /xn dnfxLs] k"j{ pkfWoIf glgkt ;xgL atPn] 5t .
hogu/d] b" lbj;Lo :jR5tf tflnd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s] hogu/d] b" lbj;Lo
:jR5tf tflnd ;DkGg e]n xP . hg;]jf g]kfns] cfof]hgf tyf Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfns]
;xof]ud] j8f:t/Lo ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldlt hogu/åf/f ;xhLs/0f sPnu]n
;/;kmfOs] dxTj cf xfy wf]Ps] ljifod] tflnd b]vnu]n xP . u?8f gu/kflnsfs] jf8{
gDa/ !#s] v'nf lb;fd'St agfa]s] cleofgs] qmdd] ;+rflnt tflndd] j8f ;lrj wL/]Gb|
ofbj ;/sf/s] gLltcg';f/ hogu/d] sfo{qmds] k|efjsf/L agfa]s] n]n k|lta4tf JoSt sPn]
5t . sfo{qmdd] ljleGg /fhgLlts bn, afnSna tyf ;j{;fwf/0fs] ;xeflutf /xn
hg;]jfs] d]g'sf ef/tL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
krf;f] xhf/ ;xefuL
cfGbf]ngsf/L ;nf{xLd] lgsfnn] xP /}nf
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{åf/f ;nf{xLåf/f rn"
dn+ujf e? dn+ujfs] d"n gf/f;lxt krf; xhf/;] a];Ls] ;+Vofd] ;b/d'sfd
dn+ujf kx'Frn df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a nf7L cf km/f7f h'n'; k|bz{g sPn] xP . tLgla3]
v]n d}bfg;] lgsnn sfo{stf{ ;as] /}nf ljleGg gf/f nuaOt lhnf ljsf; ;ldlt rf}sk/
k'un /x] . df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a l8p6Ld] /xn rf/hg] ;z:q k|x/Ls] lgoGq0fd] eL
n]n] cf zLif{ g]tfs] cfu|xk/ l/xf sPn] va/ xP . df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a b'uf]
k|x/L la6k/ cfqmd0f eL sPn] ;nf{xL
;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;fOlsn cf df]6/;fOlsn Psfk;d] 7f]s/ nunf;] b'hg] 3fPn
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;fOlsn cf df]6/;fOlsn Psfk;d] 7f]s/ nunf;] b"hg] 3fPn
e]n xP . /f}tx6s] rGb|k'/ uf}/ ;8svG8s] ;v'cjf wdf}/fd] aLcf/ )% h] #)%# gDa/s]
df]6/;fOlsn;] Puf] ;fOlsnofqLs] 7f]s/ df/nf;] b'g'hg] 3fPn e]n xP . 3fPn xf]Pd]
;fOlsnofqL ;v'cjf wdf}/f jf8{ gDa/ (s] cg'7f ;fxs] n8sf jif{ afO;s] ljho ;fx cf
df]6/;fOlsn rfns uf}/ gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !)s] /fd Psafn ;fxs] jif{ @&s]
n8sf pd]z ;fx /xn xP . 3fPn b'g'hg] k|fylds pkrf/ xiff{xfd] xf]Pnfs] yk pkrf/s]
n]n rGb|k'/ k]7fanu]n Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8f hgPn] xP .
dof{bk'/ cf
cf}/}ofd] d;fn h'n';
s[i0f ltjf/L÷dof{bk'/
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] dfu k"/f s/]s] dfus] ;fy] uf}/;]
df]rf{s] kfFrhg] g]tf kqmfp xf]Pnfk/ tTsfn l/xfOs] dfu s/Ot /f}tx6s] dof{bk'/ cf
cf}/}ofd] d;fn h'n'; k|bz{g sPnu]n xP . ljGbfnfn a}7fs] g]t[Tjd] nfnafa' ofbj,
lzjk"hg s'zjfxf, cjwnfn ofbjnufots] :yfgLo g]tf tyf sfo{stf{;lxts] d;fn
h'n'; ufFcf]s] kl/qmd s/Ot dof{bk'/ ahf/k/ sf]0f;ef eL ;DkGg sPn] :yfgLo s[i0f
ltjf/L hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . cO;xL df]rf{s] sfo{stf{åf/f cf}/}ofd] eL d;fn h'n';
k|bz{g sPnu]n va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
ul0fgfy–uf]ljGbs]
tLg lbj;Lo k"hf ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s] lzjgu/d] ul0fgfy uf]ljGb eujfgs] k"hf ;DkGg
e]n xP . z'qmaf/ ;fFem;] ;'? e]n k"hf ;f]djf/ ;fFemts rnn k"hfs]
;Dk"0f{ sfd ljlwk"j{s ;DkGg e]n k"hf ;ldlts] ;+of]hs ljGb]Zj/
;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . lzjgu/d] lgdf{0ffwLg ul0fgfy uf]ljGb dlGb/d] x/ ;fn efbf]d]
lgod lgi7f;] ;fd'bflos lx;fa;] ;DkGg xf]Pafnf k"hfd] lhnfs] ljleGg
ufFcf];] xhf/f] >4fn' k'un ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
dw]; cfGbf]ngs]
pknlAw h?/ xf]Ps] ljZjf; k|s6 sPn]5t ;+3if{ ;ldlts] ;+of]hs j[hlszf]/ ofbj
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L
/f}tx6s] u?8fd] ul7t dw]; cfGbf]ng ;+3if{ ;ldlts] ;+of]hs j[hlszf]/
ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . dw]; cfGbf]ng;] dw];s] clwsf/ cf ;Ddfg b'g' ldn]s] eL
;+of]hs ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . ;+ljwfg hf/L xf]Phf/xn cj:yfd] eL cfGbf]ngs]
pknlAwk/ ;+of]hs ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . /]l8of] dw]; d;nf PkmPd;] aftlrts]
qmdd] ofbj dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ljifod] yk v'nf;f eL sPn] 5t .
;nf{xLs] Pdfn] ;ef;bs]
3/d] k]6«f]nad k|xf/
;nf{xL ;xsdL{
g]skf Pdfn]s] ;nf{xL If]q gDa/ ^ s] ;dfg'kflts ;ef;b sdnf
b]jL dxtf]s] dn+ujf gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !) l:yt 3/k/ c1ft ;d"xåf/f k]6«f]n
ad k|xf/ e]n xP . ;ef;b dxtf]s] 3/d] e]n adk|xf/s] 36gfhO;g cfk/flws
lqmofsnfkd] ;+nUg /xn ck/fwLs] vf]hL xf]/xn lhnf k|x/L sfof{no dn+ujfs] l8P;lk
/d]z s'df/ v8sf hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . PxLlar xlycf}n uflj;d] /xn k|x/L rf}sL
bf];/f rf}sLs] ;dfof]hg e]n xP .
;nf{xLs] u8lxofd]
e]n blnts] lj/f]w ;ef
;nf{xL ;xsdL{
;nf{xL lhnfs] u8lxofd] cjl:yt pdfljd] ;+o'St blnt ;+3if{
;ldlts] lj/f]w ;ef ;DkGg e]n xP . ;ldlts] cWoIf /fdKof/] kf;jfgs] cWoIftf tyf
;befjgf kf6L{s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fhf/fd kf;jfg cf k"j{;ef;b zDe' kf;jfgs]
k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg ;efd] blnt cf/If0f, ;fdflhs Gofo, ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq
cf ;eL lgsfod] !$ k|ltzt cf/If0fs] dfu sPn] lhnf ;lrj ljho ;xgL ;nf{xL ;xsdL{s]
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
dWo/f}tx6s] ;eL ahf/ ce"tk"j{?k;] e]n xP aGb
/fh]Zj/ kf08÷u?8f
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] dWo/f}tx6s] ;eL ahf/ P]ltxfl;s ?k;]
ce"tk"j{ aGb e]n xP . u?8f, lzjgu/, dnfxL, s6xl/of, afnrgk'/,
l;d/fejfgLk'/, 8'dl/of, r]tgu/ljtf{ nufot ;eL ahf/ k"0f{ ?k;] aGb b]vnu]n
xP . s6xl/ofd] t/sf/L ahf/ eL gnfun xP . cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]u t/sf/L ahf/ eL
k"0f{?k;] aGb s/Pn] xP . s6xl/ofd] xf]6n;d]t aGb b]vnu]n xP . cO;xL
lzjgu/d] xf]6n;lxts] ;eL bf]sfg aGb /xn xP . 8'dl/of ahf/ eL cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]u
nfu] gb]n] xP . u?8f rf}s k'/] aGb /xn . 8'dl/of rf}s cf u?8f rf}sk/
cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a eJo k|bz{g eL sPn] xP . huxhuxk/ cfGbf]ngsf/L cj/f]w l;h{gf
sPn] /x] . cO;xL l;d/fejfgLk'/;] afnrgk'/s] /f:tfk/ cj/f]w l;h{gf ss]
k"0f{?k;] aGb sPnu]n /x] . dWo/f}tx6s] ;eL k|d'v ahf/ tyf d'Vo rf}sk/
cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f 6fo/ af/s] k|bz{g eL sPnu]n xP . u?8fs] cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a u?8f
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no;] n]s] lrgLldns] u]6ts 6]S6/s] 6]n/ cf y|];/ /vs] /f]8 hfd
sPn] xP . /f]8 hfd vf]n]s] n]n k'ln;s] kx'Frnfk/ d]y'/ rf}sk/ cfGbf]ngsf/L 6fo/
af/s] lj/f]w k|bz{g sPn] xP . cO;xL emfFemk'nk/ eL cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]u 6fo/ af/s]
k|bz{g s/Ot ;8s hfd sPn] xP . ;fFemd] cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] ;lqmotf dWo/f}tx6s] ljleGg
ahf/ cf rf}sk/ a9n b]vnu]n xP .
ljleGg uflj;d]
cleefjs lzIff sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s] ljleGg uflj;s] lszf]/L lzIffs] n]n cleefjs lzIff
sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfns] cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ;f]8]s g]kfns]
cfof]hgfd] ;'gx/f eljios] 5gf]6 sfo{qmd cGtu{t al/of/k'/, ;dgk'/, dbgk'/,
wd{k'/, dfwf]k'/, u]8xLu'7L, ld7'cjf, h]7/lxof cf e]l8ofxLd] cleefjs lzIff
sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n ;f]8]s g]kfns] ;'k/efOh/ ;Gtnfn 7fs'/ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;eL If]q aGb
/xnfk/ eL s'5 Pglhcf]s] sfo{qmd /xn xP ;'rf?
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] rnt] oftfoft, pBf]u, a]kf/–Joj;fo, lzIff,
j}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf nufots] If]q k"0f{ ?k;] k|efj k/nfk/ eL s'5 Pglhcf]
ufFcf] ufFcf];] ckg sfo{qmd ;'rf? /vn] xP . ljleGg Pglhcf] tyf cfOPglhcf];]
ldns] ;dok/ sfo{qmds] k"/f s/]s] ;Gbe{d] Pglhcf] ;a ckg sfo{qmd
lgla{3\gtfk"j{s ;+rfng s//xn xP . ;x/ tyf ahf/ If]qs] sfo{qmd rn] g;snfk/
eL u|fdL0f If]qd] Pglhcf]s] sfo{qmd cf/fd;] rn/xn Puf] Pglhcf]s] ;~rfns hfgsf/L
s/Pn] xP . cfGbf]ngs] ;dod] sfo{qmds] hgzlSt cf ;xefuL b'g' kof{Kt k'u/xn cf
;dok/ xL ;~rfng xf]/xnf;] s'5 Pglhcf] ckgf sfo{qmds] ;DkGg s/]s] c;nL cj;/s]
?kd] aGbs] pkof]u s//xn b]vnu]n xP .
;os8f]+ lbg a]kf/
aGb s/]s] t}of/ /xn atPng pjf;+3 /f}tx6s] cWoIf ho;jfn
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L÷u?8f
/f}tx6 pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3s] cWoIf sGyd'lg k|;fb ho;jfn dw];
cfGbf]ngk|lt ckg] ;as] k"0f{ ;dy{g /xn sxOt cfGbf]ngs] ;kmn agfa]s] qmdd]
;os8f] lbgts pBf]u tyf a]kf/ aGb s/]s] k/L t ckg];a t}of/ /xn atPn] 5t . dw];
cfGbf]ng;] dw];s] clwsf/ cf :jfledfg b'g' k|fKt xf]Ps] ljZjf; JoSt s/Ot ho;jfn
hgtfpk/ /fHo cGofo s//xn atPn] 5t .
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
ckgf
clwsf/s] n]n cfGbf]ng/t dw];L, yf?, cflbaf;L cf hghflts]
zflGtk"0f{–Gofok"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngk|lt t/fO{ dw]; /fli6«o cleofg g}lts
;dy{g s/Ot ;xof]us] n]n P]Soa4tf hfx]/ sPn] xP . cleofgs] tLghg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
cf /f}tx6 ;+of]hs;d]ts] ;+o'St k|]; lj1lKtd] dw]; cfGbf]ng;] klxn] e]n @@ cf *
a'Fb] ;Demf}tfs] ;fy] yf?, cflbaf;L, hghflt nufots] pTkLl8t ju{;] /fHoåf/f
sPnu]n ;Demf}tfs] nfu" s/fa]nf rn/xn cfGbf]ngk/ lgxTyf hgtfpk/ xf]/xn
bdgs] 3f]/ eT;{gf eL sPnu]n xP . lj1lKtd] cleofgs] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o cd/ dG8n,
afn]Zj/ nfn s0f{, ;+hLj l;+x cf /f}tx6s] lhnf ;+of]hs /fw] ofbjs] x:tfIf/
/xn xP .
cfGbf]ngk|lt ho g]kfn Snas] eL P]Soa4tf
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s]
dxDdbk'/d] /xn ho g]kfn o'jf Sna Puf] k|]; lj1lKt lgsfns] dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt
k"0f{ P]Soa4tf hgPn] xP . dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] cfGbf]ngsf/L pk/ ;/sf/åf/f
sPnu]n bdg tyf an k|of]u k/ b'v JoSt s/Ot Snas] cWoIf /fd O{Zj/ /fo ofbj cf
;lrj r'gr'g k|;fb ofbj Puf] lj1lKt lgsfns] cfGbf]ngd] 3fPn e]n nf]us] pkrf/s]
n]n cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg s/]s] eL lg0f{o sPnu]n xP .
df]6/;fOlsns] 7f]s/;] Pshg] 3fPn
afnrgk'/
;xsld{
afnrgk'/;]
sgsk'/ hfPs] qmdd] aL cf/ )% Pn **@#s] rfns chu}jL jf8{ gDa/ ^s] dgf]h ;fxs]
cufl8;] cfs] l;d/f ejfgLk'/ jf8{ gDa/ $s] zDe' ;fx 7f]s/ b]n] xP . 7f]s/ b]n]
;fx 3fPn e]n xP . ;fxs] uf]8d] rf]6 nfun cf :yfgLo lSnlgsd] pkrf/ xf]/xn l;d/f
ejfgLk'/ k|x/L rf}sLs] k|d'v dgf]h s'df/ 7fs'/s] xjfnf b]Ot afnrgk'/ ;xsdL{
pk]Gb| ld> hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
dWo/f}tx6d] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] k/n xP k"0f{ k|efj
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
ljleGg dw];jfbL df]rf{åf/f
rn/xn dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] cfh' dWo/f}tx6s] ;eL ahf/ k"0f{ k|efljt /xn b]vnu]n
xP . ;v'cjf, hogu/, lzjgu/nufots] :yfgk/ d"n ;8sk/ xL cj/f]w l;h{gf ss]
k|bz{gsf/L lbge/ ljleGg lsl;d;] k|bz{g hf/L /vn] /x] . cO;xL u?8f, ;dgk'/,
dnfxL, lzjgu/nufots] ahf/ tyf rf}ss] ;eL bf]sfg k"0f{ ?k;] aGb /xn b]vnu]n
xP . dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] dWo/f}tx6d] vf;] sf}gf] 36gf g36n xP . u?8fd]
;fFemd] cfGbf]ngsf/L d"n rf}sk/ 6fo/ af/s] k|bz{g sPn] xP . ;fFemd] u?8f
rf}sk/ k'ln;s] t}gfyL a9n b]vnu]n xP .
dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt gful/s ;dfh u?8fs] /xn xP k"0f{ ;dy{g
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
dw];d]
/xn ;d'bfos] :jfledfg cf cl:tTjs] n]n rn/xn cfGbf]ngk|lt gful/s ;dfh u?8f
/f}tx6 k"0f{ ;dy{g hgaOt P]Soa4tf hgPn] xP . dw];Ls] efjgfs] rf]6
k'ufa]afnf cleJolSt ;/sf/s] sf}gf] lhDd]jf/ kIf cf JolSts] cf]/;] gs/]nf eL
;dfh hf]8bf/ dfu sPn] xP . ;dfhs] u?8fd] a}7n a}7ss] afb lgsfnn u]n k|]; jStJod]
dw]; cfGbf]ngd] ;xfbt k|fKt ;eLk|lt >4fGhnL JoSt s/Ot 3fPn ;eLs] pkrf/s]
Joj:yf s/]nf eL ;/sf/;] dfu sPnu]n xP . cO;xL ;j{kIfLo jftf{s] dfWod;] ;d:ofs]
;dfwfg s/]nf eL gful/s ;dfh hf]8bf/ dfu sPn] ;+of]hs /fdk|j]z ofbj cf ;lrj
/fdotg k|;fb /f}lgof/åf/f hf/L ;+o'St lj1lKtd] pn]v /xn xP .
dw];Ls] klxrfglagfs] ;+ljwfg gdfg]s] 3f]if0ff sPn] xP /f}tx6s]
lzIfs ;d'bfo
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6 lhnfs] lzIfs ;d'bfo
Ps] :j/d] dw];Ls] klxrfglagfs] ;+3Lotf gdfg]s] 3f]if0ff sPn] xP . g]kfn lzIfs dxf;+3d] cfj4 ljleGg k];fut
;+u7gåf/f /f}tx6s] s6xl/ofd] cfof]lht lj/f]w ;efd] af]nOt lzIfs g]tfnf]u ;+;bLo
Joj:yfd] eL cf/If0fs] dfu sPn] 5t . ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL lzIfs kmf]/d g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf r'NxfO{ /fo ofbjs] k|d'v cfltYo tyf lhnf sfo{ ;ldlts] cWoIf sfd]Zj/ /fo
ofbjs] cWoIftfd] s6xl/ofd] e]n sf]0f;efd] g]kfn lzIfs ;+3s] /f}tx6 cWoIf
/fdd+un /fo ofbj, g]kfn nf]stflGqs lzIfs km]8/]zgs] /f}tx6 cWoIf holszf]/ k|;fb
;fx, ljBfyL{ sd{rf/L o'lgogs] s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf ;'/]Gb| /fo ofbj, g]kfn /fli6«o
lzIfs ;+u7g /f}tx6s] k|ltlglw clgn s'df/ lglwnufots] nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot
k|fGtLo dft[efiffd] k7gkf7gs] Joj:yf xf]Ps] ;fy] cjsfzk|fKt sd{rf/L nf]u eL
/fhgLlt s/ ;s]s] dfu sPn] xP . s6xl/ofd] cjl:yt hgtf pRr dfWolds ljBfno;]
;os8f] lzIfs nf]us] ;xeflutfd] lgsnn /}nL ljleGg gf/f nuatO s6xl/of ahf/s]
kl/qmdf sPn] xP .
efbf]s] t]/;s] lzjgu/d] Jofks eL8
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
efbf]s] dlxgfs] klxn t]/;s] lbg /f}tx6s] lzjgu/d] Jofks
eL8ef8 b]vnu]n xP . lhnfs] ;a;] ndx/ wfld{s :yn lzjgu/d] t]/;s] lbg xhf/f] nf]u
bz{g s/] cPnf;] lbge/ eL8ef8 b]vnu]n xP . afudtL cf nfnas}of gbLs] ljleGg 3f6;]
hn e/s] xhf/f] sfd/gfy' af]nad lzjgu/d] dxfb]jk/ hnfk{0f sPn] xP . lhnfs]
aLrf]aLrd] wfld{s :yn xf]Pnf;] ;a]/];] ;fFemts rf?cf]/;] bz{gs] n]n cfa]afnfs]
nfOg b]vnu]n xP. ;a]/] rf/ ah];] xL sfd/gfy' tyf af]nad nf]u lzjgu/d] bz{g sPn]
xP . bf];/f ;fns] s'5 a];L 8fFs ad eL lzjgu/d] cfPn b]vnu]n xP . 8fFs ad cf
;fwf/0f af]nad ldnfs] sl/a bz xhf/ sfd/gfy' lzjgu/d] hnfk{0f sPn] cg'dfg xP .
;fwf/0f g/gf/L ;lxt sl/a krf; xhf/s] ;+Vofd] bz{gfyL{ lzjgu/ k'un cg'dfg /xn xP
.
lzjgu/d] z'? e]n ul0fgfy uf]ljGb eujfgs] k"hf
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
x/ ;fn s[i0ffi6dLs] afbs] klxn z'qmaf/;] tLg lbgts rn]afnf
ul0fgfy uf]ljGb eujfgs] k"hf z'qmaf/ lzjgu/d] cf/De e]n xP . s'5 hflts]
s"n b]jtfs] ?kd] k"hf xf]Pafnf ul0fgfy uf]ljGbs] k"hfs] klxn lbg
la/g]jtgs] sfo{qmd xf]cn] . ;fFemd] la/g]jtgs] sfd xf]Ps] cf tLg lbgts rn]afnf
k"hfs] ;eL sfo{qmds] ;'?cft e]n k"hf ;ldlts] ;+of]hs ljGb]Zj/ ;fx
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . ul0fgfy uf]ljGb eujfgs] lhnfd] Psdfq ;fj{hlgs dlGb/s] ?kd] /xn
lzjgu/d] af/f, k;f{, ;nf{xL cf /f}tx6s] ljleGg ufFcf]s] ;fy] ef/ts] ;Ltfd9L cf
k"jL{rDkf/0f lhnf;] eSthg cfa]s] b]vnhfOc . kx'{ ;fn lrtjg lhnf;] eL sl/a
Ps ;os] ;+Vofd] k"hfd] ;xefuL xf]P g/gf/L nf]u cfPn /x] . nuftf/s] aGb;]
oftfoft k""0f{tof k|efljt xf]Pnfs] sf/0f afx/;] cfa]afnf ;]jss]
;+Vofd] s'5 sdL cfa]s] ;Defjgf /xn k"hf ;ldlts] ;+of]hs ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t .
ceL clwsf/ g t slxof] gldn]s] atPng pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
wd{gfy ho;jfn
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L
g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ gf/fo0fL c+rns]
;+of]hs wd{gfy k|;fb ho;jfn dw];Ls] clwsf/ ceL gldnnfk/ seL eL gldn]s] atPn] 5t
. /]l8of] dw]; d;nf;] aftlrt s/Ot ;+3s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ho;jfn /f}tx6s] ;eL
a]kf/Ls] cfGbf]ngs] k|lt k"0f{ ;dy{g /xn hgPn] 5t . dw]; cfGbf]ng dw];Ls]
clwsf/s] kIfd] k"0f{ xf]Ps] atPn] 5t .
alHhsfd]
l8=ln6=eL
alHhfsf Go"h 8]:s
lzIffs] cf}krfl/s l8u|Ld] ;jf]{Rr
dfg]hfPafnf l8=ln6= alHhsf efiffd] sPnu]n xP . ef/t laxf/s] ;Ltfd9L lhnfs] ?GgL
;}bk'/ u|fd lgjf;L of]u]Gb|k|;fb l;+x alHhsfs] wft' tyf lqmof?ks] cWoog
zLif{sk/ l8=ln6=pkflw k|fKt sPn] /xng . d'hkm\km/k'/d] /xs] 8f= l;+x alHhsfs]
efiffs] sltko zAbf]+sf efiffzf:qLo cWoog zLif{sk/ lkPr= 8L= sPn] /xng . bh{gf]+
uxg zf]wsfo{ sPn] 8f= l;+x ;g !(&$d] /fi6«klt k'/:sf/ k|fKt lzIfsd]
;jf]{Ts[i6 3f]lift e]n /xng . alHhsfs] Jofs/0f;d]t lnvn] 8f= l;+x cg]s k'/:sf/
cf ;Ddfg;] ;Ddflgt /x; . k];f;] k|fWofks 8f= l;+xs] snd alHhsf, lxGbL, ;+:s[t
efiffd] rnn xP . zf]ws] ;fy] ljleGg ljwfd] l;h{gf eL sPn] /x; . x'gs/ l8=ln6=s]
zf]ws] k|sfzgs] t}of/L rn/xn 8f=l;+xs] k'q k|f=8f= xl/ZrGb| ;TofyL{ hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
d'Vo eG;f/ 7Kk
xf]Pnfk/ a9n t:s/L
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s] d'Vo gfsfs] ?kd] ;b/d'sfd uf}/d] /xn eG;f/ sfof{no
efbf] # ut];] aGb /xnfs] rnt] Pscf]/ s/f]8 /f]kOcf;] a];L eG;f/ /fh:j 3f6f nfun
xP t bf];/ cf]/ sd{rf/L g/x]afnf 5f]6sL gfsf;]] t:s/L a9n b]vnu]n xP . /fhk'/,
a+s'n, nIdLk'/nufot ljleGg 5f]6sL gfsf xf]s] ef/t;] sk8f, ls/fgfnufots] t:s/
a9n xP . cO;xL o'l/of, sDKn]S;, ljleGg /f;folgs bafOhO;g v]tLd] k|of]u xf]Pafnf
;fdfgs] t:s/L eL a9n xP . b}lgs nfvf] ?k}ofs] ;fdfg t:s/L xf]s] ef/t;] /f}tx6
cf/xn xP . uf}/ gfsfk/ eG;f/ gs6Pnf;] cf k'ln;s] s8fO xf]Pnf;] t:s/Ls] wGwf
km}nn s'5 nf]ss] bfaL /xn xP . b}lgs sl/a kfFr nfv ?k}of eG;f/ /fh:j p7t] cf/xn
;b/d'sfd uf}/ eG;f/ sl/a Ps dlxgf;] aGb xf]Pnfk/ s/f]8 ?k}of;] a];L /fh:j 3f6f
e]n ;"q hgPn] xP .
/fh:js] dxflgb]{zsd] lrdf]l/of lgo'St
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
cy{ dGqfnocGtu{ts] /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefus] dxflgb]{zsd]
/fdz/0f lrdf]l/of lgo'St e]n 5t . cy{ dGqfnos] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{o;] ljefus]
dxflgb]{zsd] lrdf]l/ofs] lgo'lSt e]n xP . ljleGg lhnfd] k|d'v lhnf clwsf/Ls]
e"ldsf lgjf{x s/r'sn lrdf]l/of /f}tx6s] xL d"n lgjf;L 5lyg . ;DklQ
;'l4s/0f ljefu, eG;f/ ljefu, /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefud] pkdxflgb]{zss] e"ldsf
eL ;lqmotfk"j{s lgjf{x sPn] lrdf]l/ofs] sfo{;Dkfbg lgdg xf]Pnf;]
dxflgb]{zsd] a9'jf sPnu]n cy{dGqfno ;|f]t hgPn] xP .
afn ;zlQms/0fs] n]n afnclwsf/ tflnd
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
afn ;/f]sf/s] d'bfk/ afnaflnsfs] ;zSt
agfa]s] pb]Zo;lxt afnclwsf/ tflnd ;DkGg e]n xP . Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn cf dlxnf
;'/Iff bjfj ;d'x, /f}tx6s] ;xsfo{d] uflj; l;d/fejflgk'/, al/of/k'/ cf
kf]7LofxLd] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] afnaflnsfs] ;d:ofk/ 5nkmn sPnu]n xP . afnsflnsfs]
ljleGg clwsf/s] ;fy] aflnsfpk/ jt{dfg ;dfhd] xf]/xn ljleGg hf]lvdk"0f{ sfds]
ljifod] eL afnaflnsfs] hfgsf/L s/fanu]n cfof]hs ;+:yfs] pkfWoIf tyf dlxnf
clwsf/sdL{ lagf b]jL ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . ;eL uflj;s] sfo{qmdd] krL;hg]s]
b/;] ;xeflutf /xn ;fx hgPn] xP .
hgsk'/s] /fhwfgL dfgs] ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff s/]s] nId0f nfns0f{s] r]tfjgL
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] uf]8}tf uflj;d] ;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{åf/f ljzfn lj/f]w ;ef ;DkGg e]n xP . sfo{qmd k"j{
;f+;b /fzgf/fo0f ofbjs] cWoIftf tyf ;befjgf kf6L{s] ;xpkfWoIf n5'dg nfn s0f{s]
k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg e]n xP . sfo{qmds] ;Daf]wg s/Ot s0f{ sxng ls klxn]s] dfu
k"/f Jojxf/d] nfu" gxf]Pt t xd ;a jftf{d] ghfPa . jt{dfg ;/sf/ hlb
xdgLs] lagf ;xdlts] ;+ljwfg hf/L s/Ot xP t cf]s/f h/fs] xdgL hgsk'/s] /fhwfgL
dfgs] px];] ckg ;+ljwfg agfPd eL sxng . sfo{qmdd] ;ef;b h+uLnfn ofbj,
k"j{;ef;b lzjk"hg ofbj, ls/0f b]jL ofbj, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o of]u]Gb|
ofbj;d]ts] nf]u dGtJo /vOt dw]; cfGbf]ngs] lg0ff{os agfa]s] n]n ;j{;fwf/0f;]
cfu|x sPng . sfo{qmdd] bz xhf/;] a];L nf]us] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . uf]8}tf;] sl/of
k6L afGxs] u]n ljzfn df]6/;fOlsn /}nL dn+ujf
kx'Frnfk/ ;}lgs Jof/]s;] afx/ lgsnn ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP .
;nf{xLd] tLguf] k'ln; rf}sL e]n vfnL
;nf{lx ;xsld{
;nf{xLs] ljleGg :yfgd] /xn tLguf] k|x/L rf}sL vfnL e]n xP .
;nf{xLs] uf]8}tf, v'6f}gf cf xl/k'jf{ k|x/L rf}sLs] k|x/L bf];/f hux :yfgfGt/0f
xf]Pnf;] vfnL e]n xP . xl/k'jf{s] vfnL k|x/L rf}sLs] ejgd] ;+o'St nf]stflGqs
dw];L df]rf{s] sfo{stf{åf cfuhgL eL sPnu]n ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . P;]
klxn] ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{ ufFcf]ufFcf]d] /xn k|x/L rf}sLs] vfnL
s/]s] r]tfjgL b]n] /x] .
clglZrtsfnLg aGb;] /f}tx6s] ;eL If]q agn xP 7k
s6x/Lof ;xsld{
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw]zL df]rf{4f/f
l;df+sgnufots] laifo;lxt hf/L clglZrtsflng cfd x8tfns] sf/0f lhnfs] hglhjg
k'0f{ k|efljt e]n xP . ;b/d'sfd uf}/, u?8f, s6x/Lof nufot lhnfs] k|fo=+ ;eL ahf/,
lzIf0f ;+:yf, pwf]u, bf]sfg, Aojzfo, ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg, a}+ls+u z]jf k'0f{tof
7Kk /xn xP . ceLtss] ;e;] ndx/ cjlws]
cfdx8tfs] sf/0f lhnfd] b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdfgs] ;fy] dnvfb, vfgf ksfa]afnf u}; UofF;,nufots]
;fdfgs] cefj b]vnu]n xP . /f}tx6s] l;l8cf] dbg e'h]ns] cg';f/ nDaf aGbs] sf/0f
lhnfd] z]jfu|fxLs] ;+Vof Go'g e]n xP . a+}ls+u z]jf 7Kk xf]Pnf;] afx/;]
cfa]afnf /sd cPnfk/ eL lgsfn]s] cj:yf gxf]Pnf;] ax't kl/jf/d] ;d:of xf]/xn xP .
;/sf/L sd{rf/Ls] cfa]hfPd] ;d:of xf]Pnf;] ljsf; cf lgdf{0fs] sfd k|efljt e]n xP
. ;eL lsl;ds] a]kf/ rf}k6 e]n xP . vf; ss] 6f+uf, l/S;fafnfhO;g b}lgs Hofnfbf/L s/]afnf
nf]u a];L dsf{d] k/n s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7 hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
g]tfx?sf] ufFp s]lGb|t
sfo{qmd
s6x/Lof ;xsld{
lhnf k|zf;g sfof{noåf/f uf}/;]
rGb|k'/tss] ;8ss] b'g'cf]/ Ps lsnf]ld6/ts b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff sPnfk/ dw];
cfGbf]ng s//xn g]tfnf]us] sfo{qmd ufFcf]s]lGbt agn xP . dw];L df]rf{s] sfo{stf{
;a 5f]6sf ahf/ cf ufFcf]d] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] s]lGb|t sPn] b]vnu]n xP . ;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw]zL df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ u+uflkk/f, a+s'n, ;dgk'/, ;Gtk'/ bf]l:tof, dxDdbk'/,
s6x/Lof, df}nfk'/ nufots] ahf/k/ lj/f]ws] sfo{qmd s/t] cfPn xP . dw];
cfGbf]ngs] ;dod] ufFcf] tyf 5f]6sf ahf/k/ eL sfo{qmd sPnfk/ xhf/f] nf]us]
;xeflutf xf]/xn cf cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] xf};nf a'nGb /xn s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t .
dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt a;
Jof;foLs] k"0f{ ;dy{g
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L ÷u?8f
a; Jofj;foL ;+3 /f}tx6 dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt k"0f{ ;dy{g
/xn hgPn] xP . a; Jofj;foL ;+3 /f}tx6s] cWoIf /fdfz+s/ lu/L dw]; cfGbf]ngs]
rnt] sl/a Ps dlxgf;] a; ;+rfng k"0f{ ?k;] aGb /xnfk/ Jof;foLs] 3f6f nfun
du/ tOcf] ;Dk"0f{ gful/ss] ;/f]sf/ cf clwsf/s] ljifo /xnf;] cfGbf]ngk|lt
k"0f{ ;dy{g /xn atPn] 5t . aGb;] oftfoft Jofj;foLs] a}+s Aofh, sd{rf/Ls]
tna b]a]nf df]l:sn xf]/xnf;] Jofj;foL cToGt dsf{d] k/nfk/ eL dw];s] clwsf/s]
k|flKts] n]n Jof;foL s]xgf] cf s]tgf 3f6f ;x]nf t}of/ /xn ataOt aGbk|lt
b[9tfk"j{s ;dy{g /xn cf ;eLs] ;dy{gs] n]n cfu|x eL sPn] 5t .
df]6/;fOlsn b'3{6gf
afnrgk'/ ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] afnrgk'/ ghlbsd] /xn k/l8of rf}sk/ Puf] df]6/;fOlsn
b'3{6gf e]n xP . rGb|k'/;] ho/fhk'/s] cf]/ hf/xn cj:yfd] df]6/;fOlsn b'3{6gf
xf]Pnf;] df]6/;fOlsns] 8«fOa/ uDeL/ 3fPn e]n xP . gf @( k &#)* gDa/s]
df]6/;fOlsn;] 3/] hf/xn cj:yfd] z]v ;]/fh'n ldof kf]l7ofxL jf8{ gDa/ ^ s]
;fOlsn rnf/xn hu/gfy ;xgLs] arfa]s] vf]hnfk/ :yfgLo ch{g k+l8ts] 7f]s/ nfun /x]
. 7f]s/;] k+l8t ;fdfGo 3fPn e]n du/ z]v
;]/fh'n ldofsf] d'8L, 5ftLs] ;fy] ko/d] rf]6 nunf;] uDeL/ cj:yfd] rGb|k'/
c:ktfn k'ufanu]n k|x/L rf}sL l;d/f ejfgLk'/s] ;xfos k|x/L lg/LIfs dgf]h s'df/
ofbj xdgLs] ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld>fs] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
^ af]/f o'l/of vfb
kqmfp
afnrgk'/ ;xsld{
k|x/L rf}sL l;d/fejfgLk'/ ^af]/f o'l/of vfb a/fdb sPn] xP .
s6xl/ofcf]/;] n]cfs] k|x/L rf}sLs] ;fdg];] afnrgk'/s] t/km Puf] df]6/;fOlsnk/ ^
af]/f o'l/of vfb nfbs] n]hf/xn cj:yfd] l8p6Ld] /xn k|x/L /f]s]s] vf]hnfk/ vfb
emf/s] df]6/;fOlsn n]s] efunf;] vfb a/fdb e]n k|x/L rf}sLs] ;xfos k|x/L lg/LIfs
dgf]h s'df/ ofbj xdgLs] ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld>fs] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;nf{xLd] zLif{ g]tf
;as] sPnu]n xP >f4
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] dw'agLd] ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s]
xhf/f] sfo{s/tfåf/f ljleGg gf/f h'n'; nujOt gu/kl/qmdf s/Ot lzif{g]tf;as]
;d'xLs >f4 lxGb' k/dk/fcg'f/ ;d'lxs >f4 sPn u]n xP. df]rf{s] o'jf g]tf
g'g' emf, /d]z s'df/ >Ljf:tj nnghLs] k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg e]n xP . df]rf{s]
cfqmf]l;t sfo{stf;a g]kfn k|x/Ls] ljrd] cfughL ss] Wj:t sPn] xP. cf]O;xL
z:qk|x/L lj6s] tf]8kmf]8 s]s] Wj:t sPn] xP . WJ:t sfo{qmds] ;Daf]wg s/Ot ;'lw/
kf;jfg, ah/+uL kf;dfg ;xlt cGo g]tf;f cfkg ckg dGtJo aoSt /xvn] /x] . ;dfrf/
lnv]ts pxfs] l:ytL tjfgk"0f{ /xn xP . s'6f}gf uflj;s] k|x/L rf}sLs] lj6
df]rf{åf/f sArf sPn u]n xP. pxfFs]
l:ytLle tgfjk"0f xP. xdgLs] ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;nf{xLd] ;DkGg e]n
g]kfnL sf+u|];s] a}7s
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;n{fxL lhnfs] u8xLof uflj;s] pRr dfljd] g]kfnL sf+u|];s]
If]qLo a}7s If]qLo ;efklt sfl;sfGt k|;fb l;+xs] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg e]n xP . ;DkGg
a}7s;] dw]zd] e]n zlxb ;as] t'/Gt ;lxb 3f]if0f s/]s] , ;}lgs kl/rfng lkm{tf
s/]s], dw]zL cf yf? d'l:nd blnt dlxnf;as] clwsf/s] ;'lglZrt s/]s] ;d]t ljleGg
lg0f{os] qmdd] nf]u ckg ckg dgTJo /vn] /x] .
;lxb 7fs'/s] kl/jf/s] cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f cfly{s ;xof]u
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
dw];
cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] uf}/d] ;lxb e]n /fhlszf]/s] kl/jf/s] ;b:o;] u?8f ;+3if{
;ldlts] nf]u ;a e]63f6 sPn] xP . ;ldlts] ;b:o /fhs'df/ bf;, sf}z/ vfg ldlynf,
/d]z ;xgL, j;Gt 7fs'/ nufots] nf]u kl/jf/s] ;b:o ;a;] e]63f6 s/Ot ;fGTjgf k|bfg
sPn] xP . dw]; cfGbf]ngd] ;lxb xf]Pnf;] xdgLs] ;bf ;Ddfg s/]s] ataOt u?8f
;+3if{ ;ldlts] nf]u tTsfn ;xfg'e"lt:j?k !!xhf/ !!! ?k}of gub ;xof]u eL
k|bfg sPn] xP .
;fdflhs ;b\efjs] n]n ;+odtf sfod /fv]s] cfu|x
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
;+3Lotf, klxrfg cf ;Ldf+sgs]
ljifos] n]n] rn/xn cfGbf]ng] ljifod] OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgn Puf] ljqlKt lgsfns]
cfGbf]ng/t kIf;] ;fy{s ;Djfbs] n]n cfu|x sPn] xP . t/fO÷dw]; s]lGb|t /fhg}lts
kf6L{ tyf ljleGg ;d"xåf/f sPnhf/xn cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] ;fdflhs ;befj lau8];]
ar]s] n]n ;eL If]q;] ;fdflhs ;bejf sfod /fv]s] sfd s/]nf dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yf
OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgn cfu|x sPn] xP . ;+:yfs] lhnf k|ltlglw 6Lsf l3ld/] Puf] lj1lKt
lgsfns] km];a's, 6'O6/hO;g ;fdflhs ;+hfns] k|of]u sPnfk/ eL ;fjwfgL ckgfa]s]
cfu|x sPn] 5t .
rGb|k'/d] v'nf lb;f d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ffs] n]n k|lta4tf
sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
Knfg O{G6/g]zn g]kfn /f}tx6s] ;xof]u, hg;]jf g]kfn /f}tx6s]
;xhLs/0f tyf rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f:tl/o vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo
;ldlts] cfof]hgfd] rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+ $d] /xn hg Hof]tL pRr dfWolds ljBfnod]
v'nf lb;f d'Qm If]q 3f]if0fs] n]n k|lt4tf tyf of]hgf
lgdf{0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . j8f ;lrj tyf WASH-CC s] cWoIf s]zj a:g]ts] ;efWoIftf, rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] ;j
OlGhlgo/ tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;|f]tJolQm cjw]zx/L e§/fO{s] k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg
sfo{qmdd] g]kfnL sf+u|];s] k|ltlgwL wgnfn 7f]s/, dlxnf ;fd'lxs uf]j/ UoFf;
sDkgLs] cWoIf b]jsL g]kfn, hg;]jf g]kfns] cWoIf sf]lknf ltdlN;gf, j8f gful/s
dGrs] k|ltlglw ;lxt ljleGg /fhg}lts tyf ;fdflhs ;d"xs] k|ltlglws] ;xeflutf
/xn /x] . sfo{qmdd] cfufdL cuxg dlxgfs] leQ/ rGb|k'/ jf8{ gDa/ $ s] v'nf
lb;fd'St jf8{ 3f]if0ff s/]s] k|lta4tf hgfanu]n xP . j8fd] hDdf Ps ;o 3/d] ca
zf}rfno agfa]s] afFsL /xnf;] tf]sn ;dod] sfo{ k"/f xf]Ps] hg;]jfs] sfo{qmd
;+of]hs efUo gf/fo0f dxtf] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
Pdfcf]jfbLåf/f s6xl/ofd] sPnu]n xP lj/f]w ;ef
s6x/Lof ;xsld{
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLs] eft[ ;+u7g dw];L /fli6«o d'lSt df]rf{
/f}tx6 If]q gDa/ kfFrs] If]qLo cfd;ef ;DkGg e]n xP . s6xl/of ufFcf] PsfO
sldl6s] cWoIf k|e' dxtf]s] cWoIftf tyf df]rf{s] s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf pk]Gb| ;fxs]
k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] kf6L{s] g]tf /fhlszf]/ ofbj, lhnf ;]qm]6/L cd/
;fx, sfo{afxs lhnf cWoIf dgf]h ofbj, clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 qmflGtsf/Ls] s]Gb|Lo
;lrj /fd Psafn d'lvofnufots] nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];s] clwsf/ b]afa]s] n]n
kf6L{s] XjLks] ljk/Lt eL cfGbf]ng s//xn hgPn] 5t . ljleGg ;d"xåf/f cf/xn
;fDk|bflos afts] /f]s] ataOt dw];jfbL g]tfnf]u ckgf :jfy{s] rnt] ljleGg df]rf{
agfs] cfGbf]ng ;+rfng s//xn hgPn] 5t . sfo{qmds] ;+rfng If]q gDa/ kfFrs] OGrfh{
g/]z ;fx t'/xf sPn] s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hgPn] 5t .
dfgj a]rlavg cf n}+lËs lje]b Go'lgs/0f tflnd
;DkGg
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
dfgj
a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ cf n}+lËstfk/ cfwfl/t lje]bs] Go"lgs/0f s/]s]
pb]Zos] ;fyd] cleeefjs cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn,
/f}tx6 sfo{qmd O{sfO cf dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d'xs] ;xsfo{d] uflj; – ld7'cjf cf
b]jfxLd] ;DkGg tflnd] :yflgo nlIft ;d'bfo tyf ljkGg kl/jf/s] cleefjss] ;xeflutf
/xn /x] . tflndd] afnaflnsf tyf cleefjss] ;xhstf{ tyf dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d'xs]
;lrj dfnf b]jL ho;jfn atPn] 5t .
dw];L df]rf{ ;nf{xLåf/f
df]6/;fOlsnk/ df]rf{s] emG8f nufs] rnfa]nf cfu|x
;nf{xL
;xsld{
;nf{xL
lhnfs] dn+ujfl:yt lhnf ljsf; ;ldlts] ;efxnd] ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s]
a}7s ;DkGg e]n xP . a}7s tdnf]kfs] ;ef;b s]bf/ gGbg rf}w/L, h+uLnfn ofbjs]
k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg e]n xP . ;DkGg a}7s;] df]rf{s] lagf emG8fs] df]6/;fOlsn
rnPnfk/ ef}lts sf/afxL s/]s] tyf ef/t;] vfBfGg ;fdfgafnf uf8L gk]7fa]s] ef/t
;/sf/;] cfu|x ;d]t sPnu]n xP . t/fO{ dw]; /fli6«o cleofgåf/f dw]; cfGbf]ngs]
;dy{g s/Ot ;+o'St ?kd] sfo{qmd ;DkGg sPn] xP . ;nf{xLs] ;b/d'sfd dn+ujfs] lhlj;
rf}sk/ s]kL cf]nL, jfdb]j uf}td, z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, k'iksdn bfxfn k|rG8 cf ;'zLn
sf]O/fnfs] kl08tåf/f ljlwjt >f4 cf ef]h sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n ;nf{xL ;xsdL{
hgPn] 5t .
dw];L
hgfGbf]ngs] ljifod] dn+ujfd] lj/f]w /}nL
;nf{xL
;xsld{
;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] xhf/f] sfo{stf{åf/f ;nf{xL lhnfs] dn+ujfd] lj/f]w
/}nL tyf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg sPnu]n xP . /}nLd] ;xefuL nf]u dw]; cf dw];Ls] dfu
k"/f s/]s] dfu sPnu]n xP . sf]0f;efs] ;Daf]wg s/Ot ;ef;b s]bf/ gGbg
rf}w/L, h+uLnfn ofbj, czf]s ofbjnufots] nf]u dw]; cf dw];Ls] kIfs] ;+ljwfg
gagnfk/ xdgLs] dfGo gxf]Ps] atPn] ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
ef/t;] n]cf/xn sl/a kfFr nfv ?k}ofs] ;fdfg k'ln;åf/f kqmfp
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo ahf/;] n]cf/xn
cj}w ;fdfgs] /f}tx6 k'ln; ljleGg :yfgk/ kqmfp sPn] xP . kqmfp sPnu]n ;fdfgs]
bfd sl/a kfFr nfv ?k}of /xn xP . ;fdfgs] ;fy] tLghg]s] eL k'ln;k kqmfp sPn] xP
. a}/ulgof ahf/;] dfn;fdfg n]cfa]s] sfd s/]afnf ;+ho ofbjs] n]a/ dfkm{t sl/a ;f9]
tLg nfv ?k}of a/fa/s] sk8f a/fdb sPn] xP . dxfb]jkl6 gfsf xf]s] g]kfncf]/
n]cf/xn cj:yfd] a}/ulgofs] ;]g'l/of 6f]nfs] jL/]Gb| dxtf], xl/cf]d dxtf] cf
k|df]b dxtf]s] k'ln; sk8f ;lxt kqmfp sPn] xP . aGb cf cfGbf]ngs] df]sf ldnfs]
ef/t;] ;LdfjtL{ If]qd] sf/f]af/ s/]afnfs] ;+Vof a9/xn cj:yfd] ofbjs] sk8f kqmfp
k/n xP . ;LdfIf]qd] k'ln; kl/rfng ss] cj}w t:s/Ls] sfds] k"/] /f]s] /f}tx6
k'ln; hgPn] xP . cO;xL sf7dfG8' hf/xn Puf] a;;] eL /f}tx6 k'ln; sl/a 8]9 nfv
d"Nos] cj}w u'6sf a/fdb sPn] xP . ;nf{xLs] dn+ujf;] sf7dfG8' hf/xn gf % v
@#(( gDa/s] hfgsL 6«feN;s] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no rGb|k'/ r]shfFr sPnfk/ sl/a 8]9
nfv d"No a/fa/s] ;ft xhf/ cf7 fg hlguGwf u'6sf a/fdb e]n xP . ;nf{xLs]
ljleGg gfsf;] sk8f, df]afOn, u'6sf, kf/r'g nufots] ;fdu|Ls] t:s/L a9n va/
af/Daf/ cf/xn xP .
;lxb /fhlszf]/ 7fs'/s] k'Goltlyk/ >4fGhnL ;ef s/]s] e]n xP lg0f{o
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] uf}/d]
;lxb e]n /fhlszf]/ 7fs'/s] k'Goltlyk/ >4fGhnL;ef s/]s] lg0f{o sPnu]n xP .
/f}tx6s] dl7of uflj;s] dx'lnof 6f]nfd] d+unjf/ a}7n ;j{kIfLo a}7s;] ;lxb
/fhlszf]/ 7fs'/s] t]/xdf lbgs] k'Golyltk/ sfo{qmds] cfof]hgf s/]s] lg0f{o
sPnu]n xP . efbf] @^ ut] zlgjf/s] lbg
sfo{qmds] cfof]hgf s/]s] n]n ;dfh;]jL kf/;gfy >Ljf:tjs] cWoIftfd] ;df/f]x
;ldlt eL u7g sPnu]n xP . sfo{qmdd] lhnfs] /fhg}lts bns] k|ltlglw, g]tf,
sfo{stfP, sd{rf/L, a]kf/L, jlsn, ;dfh;]jL, gful/s ;dfhs] k|ltlglw, lgdf{0f
Jofj;foL, kqsf/ tyf ;Dk"0f{ /f}tx6af;Ls] pkl:ylts] n]n cg'/f]w s/Ot ;efd]
efu n]a]s] n]n ;eL;] cWoIf kf/;gfy >Ljf:tj cg'/f]w sPn] 5t .
ls/f;] /f}tx6s] wfgafnLd] gf]S;fg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s] wfgafnLd]
/f]u cf sL/fs] k|sf]k b]vnu]n xP . wfg afnLd] nnsf /f]u b]vfOhf/xn ls;fgs]
sxgfd xP . wfg km'6]s] a]l/ofd] sL/f vPn] cf wfgs] ktfd] gf]S;fg xf]/xn ls;fg
nf]us] sxgfd xP . sL6gfzs bafO l56nfk/
eL /f]u cf sL/f lgoGq0f gxf]/xn ls;fg nf]us] sxgfd xP . wfgd] sL/f cf /f]u b'g'
Ps]a]/ cfqmd0f sPnfk/ /f}tx6s] ls;fg lrlGtt e]n b]vnu]n xP .
dw]; ;+3if{ ;ldltåf/f zflGt ;'/Iffs] n]n k|zf;g;] sPnu]n ckLn
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
dw]; ;+3if{ ;dGjo ;ldlt /f}tx6
rf/ a'Fb] dfu /fvs] zflGt cf ;'Joj:yf sfod s/]s] k|zf;g;] ckLn sPn] xP .
;ldlts] cWoIf huGgfy k|;fb s]z/Låf/f x:tfIfl/t k|]; lj1lKtd] /f}tx6d] nufanu]n
b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff x6fa]s], dw];Ls] dfus] cljnAs ;Daf]wg s/]s], dw];Lpk/
sPnu]n bdg, uf]nL k|xf/ cf lxF;fs] t'/Gt aGb s/]s] ;fy] uf}/ cfGbf]ngs] qmdd]
d[To' e]n /fh lszf]/ 7fs'/s] ;lxb 3f]if0ff s/]s] dfu sPnu]n xP . cO;xL ljutd]
/fHo cf dw]; cfGbf]ngs] tTsfnLg zlStaLr sPnu]n @@ a'b] cf * a'b] ;Demf}tfs]
tTsfn ;Daf]wg s/]s] dfu eL lj1lKtd] sPnu]n xP . cO;xL lhnfd] zflGt cf ;'Joj:yf
sfod s/]s] eL k|zf;g;] dfu sPnu]n xP .
ljsf; OsfO{
:t/Lo ;ldIff sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn /f}tx6s]
;xof]ud] hg;]jf g]kfn /f}tx6s] cfof]hgfd] ;Gtk'/ dl6cf}g ljsf; OsfO sfof{nocGtu{t
k/]afnf ;Gtk'/, /+uk'/, l;d/fejfgLk'/ cf 8'dl/ofs] afn Snas] afnaflnsfåf/f latn
tLg dlxgfd] ;DkGg sPn] lqmofsnfks] af/]d] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|:t't sPnu]n xP . afn Snad] cfj4 afnaflnsfjLr ;dLIff sfo{qmd
;DkGg e]n xP . gj c+s'/ afn Sna 8'dl/ofs] cWoIf k'hf s'df/L rf}w/Ls] cWoIftfd]
;DkGg sfo{qmdd] #% hgfs] ;xeflutf /xn al/i7 afn ;d'x kl/rfns uf]ljGb /fd
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
a/xyjfd] dlxnf
;a lgsfnn] xP j[xb emf8' h'n';
;nf{xL ;xsld{
;nf{xL lhnfs] a/xyjf ahf/ If]qd]
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] bz xhf/;] a];L dlxnf sfo{stf{ emf8' h'n';
lgsfns] gu/ kl/qmdf sPn] xP . h'n';d] ;xefuL dlxnf nf]u dlxnf Pstf, dw];L
Pstfs] kIfd] gf/f nuPn] xP . cO;xL dlxnf ;a u[xdGqL jfdb]j uf}tds] lj/f]wd]
gf/fafhL s/]s] ;fy] :jfoQ dw]; k|b]z nfu' s/]s] dfu eL sPn] xP . gu/ kl/qmdf
afb dlxnf ;as] h'n'; sf]0f ;efd] kl/0ft e]n /x] . k"j{;ef;b ls/0f b]jL
ofbjs] ;efkltTjd] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw]; cfGbf]ngs] kIfd] cfjfh
a'nGb s/]s] sfd sPn] xdgLs] ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . PxLaLr t/fO{ dw];
nf]stflGqs kf6L{s] ;nf{xL If]q gDa/ ^;] ;ef;b s]bf/ gGbg rf}w/L ;eL dw];jfbL
bns] Ps;fy xf]s] cfGbf]ng s/]s] cfu|x sPn] 5t . dw];d] cfu a/ /xn cj:yfd] dw];s]
xs, lxts] kIfd] cfGbf]ng s/ /xn ;eL zlSts] Psh'6 xf]gfO h?/L atPn] 5t . /]l8of]
dw]; d;nf PkmPds] :6]zg d}g]h/ dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L;] aftlrt s/O dw];s] cfGbf]ng
cf/kf/s] cj:yfd] k'u/xn atPn] 5t .
aGbs] cj1f s/]jfnfk/ sf/jfxL xf]Pnfk/ nf]stflGqs df]rf{ lhDd]jf/ gxf]O
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs dw]zL df]rf{
k;f{ d+unjf/s] lbg aL/uGhd] aO7n a}7sd] ljleGg kfFr ;'lqo lg0f{o s/Ot
clglZrtsfnLg aGbs] cj1f s/]jfnf k/ cfs|f]lift hgtf sf/jfxL sPnfk/ df]rf{
lhDd]jf/ gxf]Ps] hgPn] xP . dw];L hgtfs] clwsf/s] n]n o'jf;a ckg k|f0fs] jlnbfg
s//xn cj:yfd] bf];/ sf]gf] hlb aGbs] cj1f ss] bf]sfg vf]nOt xP t cfGbf]ngs]
ckdfg xf]Ps] df]rf{s] 7x/ xP . k;f{ cf af/fd] cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] d[To' e]n ;eLs]
kl/jf/hg;] e]6 s/Ot tTsfns] n]n aL; xhf/ ?k}of b]a]s] lg0f{o sPn] xP . cO;xL
;lxbk|lt ;Ddfg k|s6 s/]nf df]rf{s] sfo{stf{ ;a d'G8g s/fa]s] cfu|x s/]s] lg0f{o
eL sPnu]n xP . a}7sd] ljleGg g]tf sfo{stf{s] pkl:ylt /xn ofqf 8]nLk/ va/ pknAw
xP .
cfGbf]ngk|lt pjf;+3 af/fs] ;dy{g
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;+o'St dw];L df]rf{s] åf/f sPn
hf/xn cfGbf]ngk|lt af/f pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 ;dy{g hgPn] xP . tLg bnLo u7aGwgåf/f ;+ljwfg;efd] k|:t't
;+ljwfgs] k|:tfljt d:of}bf Pj+ ;+ljwfg ;+zf];g k|:tfj;] t/fO{ dw];s] dfu
;Daf]wg gxf]Pnf;] yf? cf dw];Ls] dfu k"/f s/fa]nf /fHo;] cfu|x eL sPnu]n
xP . ;+3s] lhnf cWoIf ljgf]b ;fx cf k"j{cWoIf t]hgf/fo0f ;fxåf/f hf/L
lj1lKtd] dw]; cfGbf]ngd] cgfjZos an k|of]u ss] bdg sPnu]n sxOt lj/f]w eL sPnu]n
xP .
g]kfn k'ln;åf/f nfvf]+s] sf7 sPnu]n xP kqmfp
/fh]Zj/
kf08]÷u?8f
g]kfn
k|x/Ls] u:tL 6f]nL Ptaf/s] /ftd] Ps 6]n/ sf7 kqmfp sPnfs] ;fy] yk Ps 6]n/ sf7
a/fdb sPn] xP . ljz]if ;'/fsLs] cfwf/ rf]+rf /]Ghkf]:6;] xl/x/k'/l:yt O:nfdk'
sf7ldnt/km n]hf/xn Ps 6]nf/L sf7 k|x/L rf}sL xl/gu/;] v6s] u]n k'ln;s] 6f]nL
sgsk'/ jf8{ gDa/ % an'jf k'n ghlbs;] kqmfp sPn] lhnf k|x/L hgPn] xP . sf7s]
k'ln; rf}sL n]hfPs] qmdd] /]Ghkf]:6s] jg sd{rf/L, h+un;}of ;fem]bf/L jg
pkef]Stf ;ldlts] kbflwsf/L;d]t sf7s] j}w bfaL sPnfk/ eL k'ln; g5f]8n] /x] .
k'ln;s] ;os8f] nf]u cj/f]w k'uPn] eL /x] . 36gfs] ljifod] hfgsf/L xf]Pnfk/
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8f;] k|x/L lg/LIfs ;Gt'nfn k|;fb h}:af/s] sdfG8d] cGo
ghlbss] k'ln; rf}sL;] yk dbt k'unfk/ :yfgLos] cj/f]w x6fanu]n /x] . k'ln;s]
vf]htnf; sPnfk/ wfgs] v]t cf cugfd];] Ps 6]nf/L yk sf7 a/fdb e]n xP . sf7s]
ljifod] yk cg';Gwfg xf]/xn k'ln; hgPn] xP .
dw];jfbL g]tf nf]us] dnfxLd] dw];s]
clwsf/ b]afa]s] n]n ;fd"lxs k|lta4tf
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s÷u?8f
dw];d]
rn/xn cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] /f}tx6s] dnfxL ahf/k/ j[xb cfd;ef ;DkGg e]n xP .
cfd;efs] ;Daf]wg s/Ot dw];jfbL g]tfnf]u ca cf/kf/s] n8fO ;'? e]n atPn] 5t . ;+3Lo
;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o aag l;+x, /fd]Zj/ k|;fb ofbj, lszf]/L
ofbj, dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nf]stflGqss] lhnf cWoIf cho u'Ktf, ;befjgf kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o honfn ;fx, lhnf cWoIf z]v hdz}b o'jf g]tf /fhs'df/ bf;, t/fO dw];
nf]stflGqs kf6L{s] lhnf ;b:o clgn s'df/ l;+xnufots] nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];s]
clwsf/ b]a]s] kIfd] tLg bn gxf]Pnf;] ca cf/kf/s] n8fO s/]s] afFsL /xn cf ;eL
dw];Ls] Psh'6 xf]s] n8fOs] ;fy{s agfa]s] cfu|x sPn] 5t .
v'nf lv;f d'St If]q 3f]if0ffs] n]n
k|lta4tf sfo{qmd
pk]Gb|
ld>÷afnrgk'/
/f}tx6s]
rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !# afnrgk'/s] v'nf lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff s/]s] n]n
k|lta4tf sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . j8f:t/Lo vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo
;ldlt rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] cfof]hgfd] afnrgk'/l:yt s[i0f dfljd] ;DkGg k|lta4tf
;df/f]xd] cfufdL cuxgts j8fs] v'nf lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff s/]s] k|lta4tf hgfanu]n xP
. :yfgLo ;dfh;]jL e/t rf}w/Ls] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg sfo{qmdd] gful/s j8f dGr, lzIfs,
afnSna, dlxnf k|ltlglw, /fhg}lts bns] k|ltlglw, :jo+;]ljsfnufot ;eL juP cf
;d"xs] nf]us] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . hg;]jf g]kfns] cfof]hgf cf Knfg OG6/g]zgn
g]kfns] ;xof]us] ;fy] lejf; l;l;s] ;dGjod] e]n sfo{qmds] ;/;kmfO Pl/of
;'k/efOh/ d]g'sf ef/tL cf uf]ljGb wfdLåf/f ;dGjo sPnu]n xP .
df]6/;fOlsn /}nL
s6x/Lof
;xsld{
;+3Lo
;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ;+o'St nf]stflGqs ;+3if{ ;ldlt If]q
gDa/ kfFrs] ;+of]hs ljGb]Zj/ /fo ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] If]q gDa/ kfFr :t/Lo
df]6/;fOlsn /}nL lgsfnn u]n xP . /f}tx6s] ;Gtk'/ bf]l:tof ahf/;] lgsnn /}nL
kmt'jf xiff{xf, nIdLlgof, ktf}/f, zLtnk'/ a}/ulgofnufots] ufFcf]d] k|bz{g
sPnu]n xP . sl/a Ps ;o df]6/;fOlsn ;xefuL /}nLd] jt{dfg ;/sf/s] lj/f]wd] ljleGg
lsl;ds] gf/f eL nufanu]n xP . zLtnk'/ a}/ulgof ahf/k/ /}nL k'us] sf]0f;efd]
kl/0ft e]n cf sf]0f;efd] af]nOt ;xefuL nf]u dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ;kmn agfa]s] cfu|x
sPn] 5t .
cfGbf]ngs] ;zSt agfa]s] df]rf{s] lg0f{o
s6x/Lof
;xsld{
PsLs[t
g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6 dw];L /fli6«o d'lSt df]rf{ /f}tx6 If]q gDa/ kfFråf/f
cfGbf]ngs] cfp/f] ;zSt agfa]s] lg0f{o sPnu]n xP . uflj; s6xl/ofs] jf8{ gDa/ *d]
aO7n df]rf{s] If]qLo a}7s;] cfGbf]ngs] ;zSt agfa]s] lg0f{o sPnu]n xP . df]rf{s]
If]qLo cWoIf k|e' dxtf]s] cWoIfd] e]n a}7s;] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlts] lgb]{zgcg';f/
cfGbf]ngs] ;zSt agfa]s] lg0f{o e]n If]qLo OGrfh{ g/]z ;fx t'/xf hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t
. a}7sd] kf6L{s] lhnf ;b:o ;f]gfnfn ;fx, hfd'g 7fs'/, /fdfwf/ ofbjnufots]
nf]us] eL ;xeflutf /xn /x] .
lhnfs] x/]s uflj;d] u7g sPnhf/xn xP
;+3if{ ;ldlt
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
dw];
;+3if{ ;dGjo ;ldlt /f}tx6åf/f ;+rflnt dw];L hghfu/0f cleofg cGtu{t lhnf e/s]
;eL uflj;d] ;+3if{ OsfO ;ldlt u7g sPnhf/xn xP . c+z, c+z cf OHht tyf ;Ddfgs]
n]n hf/L /xn cfGbf]ngd] ;lqmo ;fu ofbjs] df]tflas x/]s uflj;d] OsfO u7g
sPnhf/xn xP . PO{ sfds] n]n o'jf ;as] 6f]nL x/ uflj;d] kl/rfng sPnu]n xP . sl/a
Ps bh{g uflj;d] ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n cf afFsLd] u7gs] k|lqmof hf/L /xn xP . ;ldlts]
t/km;] Puf] lj1lKt hf/L ss] ;eL dw];L ;ef;b;] /fhLgfdf b]a]s] dfu eL sPn] 5t .
5fqj[lQ ljt/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
ufpF
ljsf; ;ldlts] sfof{no /+uk'/s] ;xof]u cf hg;]jf g]kfn /f}tx6s] ;xhLs/0fd] tyf >L
nfln u'/fF; uflj; :t/Lo afn Sna /+uk'/s] cfof]hgfd] dfWolds ljBfno /+uk'/s]
k|f+ugd] ul/j, h]x]Gbf/ cf clt ljkGg ;d'bfos] afn Snad] cfj4 cf cGo ss] hDdf !%
hgf afnaflnsfs] k|bfg sPnu]n xP . sfo{qmdd] :yfgLo a'l4hLlj nufots] JolQmTjs]
pkl:ylt /xn /x] . ljBfnos] ;xfos k|wfgfWofks /fd;xfo rf}w/L cf afn ;+hfns]
cWoIf sflzgf/fo0f rf}w/L4f/f ljBfno hfPafnf ;eLs] emf]nf cf :6]zg/L ;fdfu|L ljt/0f
sPnu]n hg;]jf g]kfn /f}tx6s] al/i7 afn ;d'x kl/rfns uf]ljGb /fd hfgsf/L b]n] 5t
.
;nf{xLs] dn+ujfd] e]n xP j[xb df]6/;fOlsn
/}nL k|bz{g
;nf{xL
;xsld{
;nf{xL
lhnfs] dn+ujfd] ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{åf/f eJo df]6/;fOlsn /}nL lgsfns]
gu/ kl/qmdf sPnu]n xP . /}nLd] ;xefuL nf]u xdgLs] dfu k"/f s/, dw];L Pstf
lhGbfjfb, u[xdGqL cf k|wfgdGqL d'bf{jfbs] gf/f nuaOt sf}8]gf ahf/d] eJo
sf]0f;efd] kl/0ft e]n /x] . sf]0f;efs] ;Daf]wg s/Ot tdnf]kfs] ;ef;b s]bf/ gGbg
rf}w/L sxng ls xdgLs] n8fO c+z cf j+zs] xP . ca xdgLs] cO;] dfunf;] gldnL ca
l5gs] n]a]s] k/L . ;}lgs xlyof/s] eo b]vaOtf t xdgL cf]s/f;] sf}g sd 5L sxn] 5t
. cO;xL ;ef;b h+uLnfn ofbj xdgLs] cf/kf/s] n8fO s/]s] k/L sxng . xdgLs] eL
d'xtf]/ hafa gb]nfts clwsf/ gldnL . ;eL gfsf hfd s/]s] eL x'g atPng . ljleGg
g]tf tyf sfo{stf{nf]u dw];s] clwsf/ k|flKts] n8fOs] ljifod] dGtJo /vn]
sfo{qmdd] kfFr xhf/;] a];L sfo{stf{s] ;xeflutf /xn ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t .
rGb|k'/d] e]n xP
cfunfuL
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s] rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ $d] /xn Puf] 3/d]
cfunfuL e]n xP . rGb|k'/ $ s] 8fa/L 6f]nfs] uf]ljGb k|;fb lj8f/Ls] 3/d] cfunfuL
e]n xP . cfunfuLs] sf/0f a}n3/f h/n cf cf]d] /xn e}+;L eL ;fdfGo 3fPn e]n xP .
3/f] /xn kf]/f, df]6/nufots] ;fdfg h/n xP .
cfunfuLs] sf/0f ceLts :ki6 ge]n xP . cfunfuL xf]Pnfk/ :yfgLos] ;xof]ud]
:yfgLoaf;L lgoGq0fd] n]nu]n Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no rGb|k'/ hgPn] xP .
cGo oftfoft aGb /xnfk/ eL ;'df] ;]jf ;~rfngd]
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{ cfXjfg sPn] clglZrtsfnLg aGb
tyf cfd x8tfns] rnt] /f}tx6s] ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs oftfoft aGb /xnfk/ eL
rGb|k'/;] sf7dfG8' hfPafnf ;eL lsl;ds] ;'df] ;]jf ;'rf? /xn xP . ljleGg sDkgLs]
;'df] ;]jf;] sf7dfG8' cfjthfjt s/]afnf ;+Vofd] eL j[l4 e]n xP . ckgf ;jf/L
;fwg;] rGb|k'/ kx'Frs] rGb|k'/;] x]6f}F8f, sf7dfG8' nufots] uGtJots df];flkm/
cf/fd;] ofqf s//xn b]vnu]n xP . lg/Gt/s] aGb;] rGb|k'/ ahf/s] Jofkf/k/ eL c;/
k/n du/ ;'df] ;]jfk/ sf}gf] c;/ gk/n :yfgLos] sxgfd xP . ;eL lsl;ds] nf]sn a;,
lbjf a; cf gfO6 a; aGb /xn cj:yfd] /fhwfgL;] nf}6]s] n]n eL ;'df] ;]jf
k|efjsf/L ljsNk b]vnu]n :yfgLos] sxgfd /xn xP .
lg/Gt/s] aGb;] ljBfyL{s] k9fO k|efljt, l6p;g cf sf]lrª agn ljsNk
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
nuftf/s] aGb;] ;fj{hlgs ljBfnos] k9fO k'/] k|efljt xf]Pnf;]
l6p;g cf sf]lrªs] cf]/ ljBfyL{ cfslif{t e]n xP . a};fv dlxgfd] b" a]/
e'OFsk cPnf;] ljBfyL{s] k9fO k|efljt e]n
/x] . cf]s/fafb udL{ ljbfd] ;af Ps dlxgf ;fj{hlgs ljBfnos] k9fO aGb /x]
. udL{ ljbf ;dfKt xf]P;] klxn] xL ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] clglZrtsfnLg
aGb cf k|bz{g rn] nunf;] lhnfs] nueu ;eL ;fd'bflos aGb /xn xP . rfn"
z}lIfs ;qs] ;f9] rf/ dlxgfd] ;fd'bflos ljBfnod] df]l:sn;] 8]9 dlxgf k9fO e]n xP
. ;fd'bflos ljBfnod] k9fO gxf]P ;snf;] ;a;] a];L dsf{ ljBfyL{k/ k/n xP .
lg/Gt/s] aGb;] ;fd'bflos ljBfnod] k9fO gxf]Pnfk/ dfWolds txs] clwsf+z ljBfyL{
l6p;g cf sf]lrªcf]/ cfslif{t e]n xP . ;fdfGotof bzah];] /fhgLlts bns] k|bz{g
xf]Pnf;] tLg;] rf/ ljifos] l6p;g cf sf]lrª ljBfyL{ ;a ss] lbgd] ckgf 3/d] k9fO
s//xn b]vnu]n xP . lhnfs] rGb|k'/, s6xl/of, u?8f, ;dgk'/, afnrgk'/, l;d/fejfgLk'/
nufot ljleGg ahf/ nufots] :yfgk/ lg/Gt/ l6p;g cf sf]lrª rn/xn b]vnu]n xP . s'5
;fd'bflos cf ;+:yfut ljBfno eL sf]lrª ;~rfng s//xn b]vnu]n xP . ;fd'bflos
ljBfnos] k7gkf7g k'/] k|efljt xf]Pnf;] l6p;g cf sf]lrª rnfa]afnf nf]u dfnfdfn
xf]/xn xP . P;Pn;L k/LIffs] t}of/L s//xn clwsf+z ljBfyL{ l6p;g cf sf]lrª k9/xn
lzIfs 6f]gL /fo ofbj atPn] 5t .
dw]; aGb s6xl/ofd] P]ltxfl;s ?k;] ;kmn
k|sfz >]i6÷s6x/Lof
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] cfXjfgd] rn/xn clglZrtsfnLg
aGb s6xl/ofd] P]ltxfl;s ?k;] ;kmn e]n xP . a'ws] lbg s6xl/of ahf/ /xnfk/ eL
;a]/];] s6xl/ofs] sf}gf] bf]sfg v'n] g;sn . s6xl/ofs] t/sf/L ahf/ eL ax't xbts
k|efljt e]n xP . s6xl/ofd] g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{s] /f}tx6 pkfWoIf ;km{nfn s'zjfxfs]
g]t[Tjd] s6xl/of aGb /xn xP . ;j{;fwf/0fs] dsf{s] b]vOt cf ;j{;fwf/0fs] cfu|xk/
rf/ ah]afb s6xl/of aGbs] ;fdfGo 5'6 b]nu]n va/ s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;/sf/L bdgs] yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL ;efåf/f 3f]/ eT;{gf
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ef lhnf sfo{ ;ldlt /f}tx6s] cf]/;]
jL/u+h, sn}of nufot cGo If]qd] cfGbf]ngsf/Lpk/ sPnu]n bdgs] 3f]/ eT;{gf sPnu]n
xP . ;efs] lgoldt hghfu/0f cleofgs] qmdd] l;d/f ejfgLk'/ uflj;s] ljleGg 6f]nf
cf k|tfkk'/ kN6'cf uflj;s] ;eL 6f]nfd] :yfgLo ;j{;fwf/0f;] e]63f6 s/Ot ;efs]
g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ ;a b+ufu|:t If]q lkmtf{ n]a]s], cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] kqmfp k/n
;eLs] lagf zt{ l/xf s/]s] cf yf? tyf dw];Ls] ;eL dfu k"/f s/]s] n]n
cfGbf]ng hf/L /x]s] atPn] 5t . ;efs] lhnf cWoIf /fdc>] rf}w/L, s]Gb|Lo cd[t
k|;fb vfF cf lhnf pkfWoIf /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/L;lxts] 6f]nL yf? cfGbf]ngs] ;xof]u
s/]s] n]n :yfgLo;] cfu|x eL sPn] xP .
n}+lus lje]blj?4 rf/
uflj;d] tflnd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
afnaflnsfpk/ ;dfhd] xf]/xn n}+lus lje]b tyf afnaflnsfs]
a]rlavglj?4s] tflnd /f}tx6s] rf/ uflj;d] ;DkGg e]n xP . Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn
/f}tx6s] ;xof]u tyf dlxnf ;'/Iff bafa ;d"x /f}tx6s] cfof]hgfdf b]jfxL,
k]|dk'/ uf]gfxL, lh+u8jf cf e]l8ofxLd] afnaflnsf cf cleefjs;lxts] tflnd b]nu]n
xP . afnaflnsfpk/ sf}gf] lsl;ds] lje]b gs/]s] cf afnaflnsfs] n]n eL
;dtfd"ns ;dfj]zL ;dfhs] lgdf{0f s/]s] cf]/ ;eLs] cu|;/ xf]Ps] n]n Knfgs]
/f}tx6 sfo{qmd PsfO sfo{qmd k|aGws hLjgfy k/fh'nL atPn] 5t . sfo{qmdd] tL;
hg]s] b/;] afnaflnsfs] cleefjs tyf afnaflnsfs] ;xeflutf /xn cfof]hs ;+:yfs]
cWoIf b]jsL g]kfn hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
aGbs] ;dod] u?8f If]qd] a9n rf]/Ls] 36gf
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
d+unjf/ /ftd] /f}tx6s] u?8f gu/kflnsfl:yt emfFemk'nk/ Puf]
u'DtL bf]sfgd] rf]/L e]n xP . nIdLk'/ lgjf;L /fd cfwf/ ;fxs] u'DtLs] vk/f x6fs]
pk/L;] u'DtLd] kOF;n rf]/ aL; xhf/ gubs] ;fy] bz xhf/ ?k}of a/fa/s] ;fdfg
rf]/fs] n]u]n xP . P;] tLg lbg klxn] SofDk; /f]8 u?8fk/ /xn cfzf ;fx sfg's]
xf]6nd] rf]/L e]n /x] . rf]/ 6f6L sf6s] bz xhf/ ?k}of a/fa/s] dlb/fs] ;fy]
k]6Ld] /xn s'5 gub eL rf]/fs] n]u]n /x] . cf]xL /ft cfzf ;fxs] bf]sfgs] ;fdg]
/xn u'DtLs] tfnf tf]/s] l;s/]6 cf u'6sfs] ;fy] s'5 gub eL rf]/L e]n /x] .
cfGbf]ng/t dw];Låf/f ;b/d'sfd
uf}/d] lgif]wf1f tf]8Ot sPn] xP k|bz{g
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] sfo{s/tf ;a :yfgLo k|;f;gåf/f
;b/d'sfd uf}/d] nufjn u]n lgif]w1f tf]8n] xP . l:ytLs] lgoGq0fd] n]j]s] n]n
k|x/L Ps /fp08 xjfO kmfo/ cf sl/a Ps bh{g cz' u}; k|xf/ sPn] xP . /f}tx6 s]
;b/d'sfd uf}/ ;lxt pQ/–blIf0f $@ lsnf]ld6/ If]q cf /fhdfu{s] ! lsnf]ld6/ bofF
afofF k|zf;g b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0f sPn] xP . b+ufu|:t If]qd] % hgf ;] a]l; hDdf
gxf]Ps] n]n sxn u]nfk/ le df]rf{s] sfo{s/tf jf8 g+= !) ;au9f;] gf/fjfhL s/Ot
h'n'; k|bz{g sPn] xP . cO;xL uf}/ & d] /xn gofF a;kfs{d] hDdf xf]s] h'n';
;lxt gu/ kl/qmdf s/]s] cfGbf]ng sf/L s] sfo{qmd /xnfk/ le k'ln;s] ;s[otfs] rnt]
/fhdfu{k/ lx k|bz{g sPn] df]rf{ hgPn] xP . df]rf{s] k|bzg zflGtk"0f{ /xn
cf sf}gf] lsl;ds] k|ltjfb ge]n tyf df]rf{s] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmd
zflGtk"0f{ ;DkGg e]n ;befjgf kf6L{s] lhNnf cWoIf z]v hd;}b hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t . df]rf{s] h'n'; uf}/ k|j]z s/] vf]hnfk/ gfoF a; kfs{d] v6n ;'/Iffsld{s]
tkm{;] Ps /fp08 xjfOkmfo/ sPnfk/ df]rf{s] gf]tf;a zflGtk"0f{ ?k;] h'n';s]
sf]0f ;efd] ;8s k/ lx kl/0ft sPn] /x] . sfo{qmd ;dfkg xf] s] nf}6]s] ;dod] a;
kfs{ If]qd] k'ln;s] ;fy] s'5 em8k e]n /x] . k'ln; åf/f Ps bh{g c;' u}; k|xf/
sPnfk/ df]rf{s] sfo{s/tf;a ltt/ ljt/ e]n /x] .
u?8fd] eL /xn df]rf{s]
aGb zflGtk"0f{
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
dw]z cfGbf]ngs] !(df lbg dWof /f}tx6s] cfGbf]ng
zflGtk"0f{ /xn xP . u?8f, lzjgu/, afnrgk'/, ljtf{, dnfxL nfuots] ahf/;a
zflGtk"0f{ ?k;] aGb /xn xP . sf}gf] lsl;ds] oftfoft ;+rfngd] gcfPn du/
kmf6k'm6 s'5 bf]sfg;a v'nn /x] df]rf{sf sfo{s/tf;a s] ;lqmotfs] rNt] bf]sfg ;a
aGb /xn cf aGbd] sf}gf] lsl;ds] x:t5]k ge]n xP . aGb stf{;a sl/a % ;o s] ;d'xd]
hDdf xf]s] emfemk'nk/ lbge/ k|bz{g sPn] xP . cf]O;xLo w/x/L hfojfnf /f:tfd]
k|bz{gsf/L ;a 6fo/jf/s] lbg e/ k|bz{g s/Ot df]6/;fOn le /f]sn] xP .
jftf{s] jftfj/0f ;/sf/s] agfa]s] sfd /xn tdnf]kf cWoIf dxGy 7fs'/s] sxgfd
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
klxn] e]n ;lGw cf ;Demf}tfs] ;/sf/
sfof{Gjog ss] jftf{s] jftf/0f agfa]s] sfd ;/sf/s] /xn t/fO dw]z nf]stflGqs
kf6L{s] cWoIf dxGy 7fs'/ atPn] 5t . efbf] * ut] /f}tx6s] ;b/d'sfd uf}/s] sla/
rf}sk/ ;'/IffsdL{s] uf]nL;] d[To' e]n /fhlszf]/ 7fs'/k/ >4fGhnL ck{0f s/]
uf}/ kx'rn cWoIf 7fs'/ b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff ss] Jofks ?kd] ;'/IffsdL{ t}gfy
s/Ot ha/b:tL ;+ljwfg hf/L s/]s] v]nd] ;/sf/ nfun cf/f]k eL nuPn] 5t . ;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] cfXjfgd] /f}tx6s] /fhk'/ kfgL6+sLs] sfo{qmds] ;Daf]wg
s/]s] qmdd] eL 7fs'/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fs] sfdd] hgtf;] ;/sf/ wf]sf s//xn cf
ha/b:tL ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff s/]k/ nfun atPn] 5t . sfo{qmdd] ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d
g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbj dGtJo JoSt hgtfs] clwsf/s] sf}gf] g/f]s;s]s]
atPng . cO;xL sfo{qmdd] ;befjgf kf6L{s] cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf] ceL g t seL g hgtfs]
clwsf/ ldn]s] ataOt hgtfs] clwsf/s] n]n clGtd cj;/ /xnf;] ;eL dw];L Psh'6 xf]s]
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ;kmn agfa]s] hgtf;] ckLn sPng . t/fO dw]; ;befjgf kf6L{s] cWoIf
dx]Gb| /fo ofbj dw];L ckg clwsf/ n]OPs] 5f]8]s] atPng . kf+r xhf/;] a];L
;j{;fwf/0fs] eJo hg;xeflutfd] e]n sfo{qmdd] ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns]
dxf;lrj /fd ;xfo ofbj, pkfWoIf nfnafa' /fpt nufots] nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];
cfGbf]ngd] ;eLs] cfa]s] cfu|x sPng .
dWo/f}tx6s]
ahf/ v'nnf;] hghLjg ;fdfGo
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
dWo/f}tx6s] ;eL ahf/ cfh
;fdfGo?k;] v'nnf;] hghLjg ;fdfGo agn xP . /IffaGwgs] lbg xf]Pnf;] aGbs] cfof]hs
nf]u ahf/k/ sf}gf] x:tIf]k gsPn] cf ahf/ ;a v'nnf;] /IffaGwg kj{ eL ax't xbts
;fdfGo ?k;] dgfanu]n xP . ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;+rfngd] gcPnf;] ;fj{hlgs ;af/L
;fwg;] cfjthfjt s/]afnf efO–alxgs] kagL s'5 k|efljt e]n xP du/ af+sL b[li6;]
/IffaGwgd] efO–alxg v';L b]vnu]n xP . dWo/f}tx6s] u?8f, lzjgu/, s6xl/of,
;dgk'/, dfwf]k'/, dnfxL, ljtf{nufots] ;eL ahf/ ;fdfGo ?k;] v'nnf;] ;j{;fwf/0f
ckgf 3/fo;L cf /IffaGwgs] n]n ;fdfg cf;fgL;] lsgOt b]vnu]n xP .
as]of gbLd]
bxPnf;] Pshg] ls;fgs] e]n xP d[To'
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
gbLd] bxPnf;] /f}tx6d] Pshg] ls;fgs] d[To' e]n xP .
/f}tx6s] ss{r sd}{of uflj; jf8{ gDa/ & s] cg'7f /fo ofbjs] as]of gbLd]
bxPnf;] d[To' e]n xP . gbL;] kl5d /xn ckgf v]td] sfd s/] u]n cf sfd ss] nf}6]s]
a]l/of gbLd] kfgL a];L xf]u]nfk/ kfgLd] bxfs] ofbjs] d[To' e]n xP . gbLd] bxfOt
b]vnfk/ b"hg] :yfgLo p4f/s] k|of; sPn] du/ 5fgs] n]cPnfk/ ofbjs] d[To'
xf]u]n /x] . ofbjs] d[To' xf]Pn ljifod] :yfgLoåf/f tTsfn k'ln;s] va/ sPn]
s6xl/of ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . ofbjs] nf;s] kf]:6df6{ds] n]n lhnf c:ktfn
uf}/ kx'rfanu]n Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] OG:k]S6/ ;Gt'nfn k|;fb h}:af/
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
^ jif{s] aflnsfs]
/f}tx6d] e]n anfTsf/, anfTsf/L k/n xP k'ln;s] kmGbfd]
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6d] km]/ aflnsfpk/ b'Jo{jxf/ e]n xP . /f}tx6s] rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfd] Puf]
5cf] al/;s] aflnsfpk/ b'Jo{jxf/s] 36gf ;fj{hlgs e]n xP . rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf jf8{
gDa/ !@ a;Gtk'/s] !( al/;s] cho /fd rdf/ ckgf Puf] k/f];L aflnsfpk/ anfTsf/s]
36gf sPn] k'ln; hgPn] xP . z'qmaf/ ;+lemofkx/ tLgah]s] cf;kf;d] 5cf] al/;s]
caf]w aflnsfs] rsn]6 vfPnf bz ?k}of xfyd] ydaOt anfTsf/ s/]s] k|of; sPnfk/
aflnsfs] c;Xo xf]s] lrRocPnfk/ rdf/ efun /x] . 3/] hfs] k];fa s/] vf]hnfk/
aflnsf /f]Pnfun cf /f]Ps] sf/0f k'5nfk/ dfO{;] 36gfs] af/]d] aflnsf atPn] /x] .
aflnsfpk/ b'Jo{jxf/s] 36gfe]n ljifod] tTsfn k'ln;s] hfgsf/L b]nfk/ cf/f]kLs]
vf]htnf;d] k|x/L h'6n /x] . 36gfs] cf/f]kL cho /fd rdf/s] k'ln; /fts] !! ah]
kqmfp s/]d] ;kmn e]n xP . b'Jo{jxf/s] k|of; e]n aflnsf cf cf/f]kL rdf/ b'g'
hg]s] rGb|k'/l:yt ;/sf/L c:ktfnd] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f s/fjnu]n xP . c:ktfns] k|d'v
8f=;lrg ofbjs] df]tflas aflnsfpk/ b'Jo{jxf/ e]n k'li6 e]n xP . aflnsf anfTsf/
sPn] cf/f]kd] kqmfp k/n rdf/s] lx/f;td] /fvs] ha/h:tL s/0fL P]gcGtu{t d'bf
rnfa]s] t}of/L xf]/xn cf 36gfs] lj:t[t cg';Gwfg xf]/xn Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no
rGb|k'/s] k|x/L lg/LIfs ?b|sfGt emfs] atPn] gful/s Go'h va/ k|sflzt e]n xP .
s6xl/of k'ns]
sNe6{ bxPnf;] k'n;] k'/] e]n ;Dks{ljR5]b
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
/f}tx6s] s6xl/of ahf/;] kl5d /xn as]of gbLd] agn k'nk/
hfPafnf sNe6{ k'/] bxfs] n]u]nf;] k'n;] ;j{;fwf/0fs] ;Dks{ljR5]b e]n xP . gbL;]
k'?a agn sNe6{s] sl/a aL; ld6/ bxfs] n]u]nf;] k'?acf]l/of;] ;j{;fwf/0f ca k}bn
eL hfPs] cj:yf g/xn xP . sNe6{ bxPnf;] gbLs] k'?a;] hfPafnf k}bn ofq' eL as]of
gbLs] k'nk/ ca ghf;s]s] cf k'n;] ;Dks{ ljR5]b xf]Pnf;] xhf/f] nf]u dsf{d] k/n
xP . /IffaGwg hO;g kagLs] lbg cfjthfjt s/] g;snf;] ;j{;fwf/0f cToGt dsf{d] k/n
s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7 hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
k;f{d] ;z:q k|x/L
HofbtL sPn] /fhgLlts bns] cf/f]k
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
k;f{ lhnfd] :yfgLo k|zf;gåf/f lgif]lwt If]q 3f]if0ff
sPnfs] afb lgif]lwt If]qs] pNn+3g s/];] klxnlxP ;os8f] ;+Vofd] ;z:q k|x/L an
uf+cf]d] kO+;s] k'?if tyf dlxnfpk/ Hofblt sPn] cf/f]k /fhgLlts bns] g]tf
sfo{stf{ nuPn] xP . z'qmaf/ /ftd] jL/u+hs] ax'c/L uf+cf]d] !! ah]s] ;dod] k'ln;
s]df/L cf lv/sLk/ nft;] df/Ot cZnLn uf/L b]nf;] uf+cf] xL cft+lst agn ax'c/L
uf+cf]s] g/]z dxtf] atPn] xP . k;f{ k'ln; zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngd] nfun
cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] kmf]g ss] wdsfa]s] sfd s//xn sxOt cfGbf]ngs] pu| agfa]s] sfd
s//xn u'gf;f] 5ks}ofs] lgjf/L d':t'kmf sPn] ofqf 8]nL va/ k|sflzt sPn] xP .
;/sf/L bdgs]
lj/f]wd] xl/k'/d] ;ef
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;nf{xLs] xl/k'/d] yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL ;efs] cfof]hgfd]
;/sf/L bdgs] lj/f]wd] ;efs] cfof]hg sPnu]n . yfs;s] s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L ;d]ts]
pkl:yltd] ;DkGg e]n sfo{qmdd] ;nf{xL If]q gDa/ @ s] ;ef;b /fdrGb| rf}w/L k|d'v
cltlys] ?kd] ;Daf]wg s/Ot dw];L cf yf?s] cfGbf]ngd] ;eLs] Pstf hgfa]s] n]n cfu|x sPn] 5t . cf;gf/fo0f
rf}w/Ls] cWoIftfd] e]n sfo{qmdd] a|xdgf/fo0f rf}w/L, /fds[i0f rf}w/Lnufots]
nf]u yf? clwsf/s] ljifod] rrf{ sPn] va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
/f}tx6s] Pdfn] ;ef;b nf]u lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng gs/]s] n]n sPng clkn
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
g]skf
Pdfn]s] g]tf tyf k"j{k|wfgdGqL dfwj s'df/ g]kfn ;lxt /f}tx6s] $ hg] Pdfn]
;ef;b nf]u ;+ljwfg lgdf0f{s] sfd clGtd r/0fd] /xnf ;] ;dflhs ;befj gljuf/]s] cf
lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng gs/]s] clkn sPn] 5t . Pdfn] g]tf g]kfn ;lxt 8f= a+l;w/ ld>, nfnafa' ofbj cf /fd
s'df/ e6/fO{ ;+o'Qm ?k;] lj1ktL hf/L s/Ot cO;g sfd gs/]s] clkn sPn] 5t . efbf]
& ut] s}nfnL cf * ut] uf}/d] e]n 36gfs] b'vb 36gf ataOt ckg] nf]u d/dfxt
e]n lj1ktLd] pNn]v sPn] 5t .
b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]lift u?8fd] aGb /xn
zflGtk"0f{
/fh]Zj/
kf08]÷u?8f
dWo/f}tx6s]
u?8fd] aGb zflGtk"0f{ /xn xP . ahf/ k"0f{tof aGb /xn xP . u?8fd] ul7t
dw]; cfGbf]ng ;+3if{ ;ldltåf/f u?8f;] kl5d emf+emk'ns] a}/]hs] ghlbs
km"naf/Ld] zflGtk"0f{ lj/f]w ;ef ;DkGg e]n xP . ;ldlts] ;+of]hs
a[hlszf]/ ofbjs] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg lj/f]w ;efd] 6f]gL ofbj, /f}tx6 pBf]u jfl0fHo
;+3s] cWoIf sGydl0f k|;fb ho;jfn, dxDdbk'/s] tTsfnLg uflj; cWoIf OGb' /fo ofbj,
/fh]Gb| ;fx, ;befjgfs] /fhs'df/ bf; nufots] jStfnf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot dw];s]
clwsf/ k|fKt gxf]Pnfts cfGbf]ng hf/L /x]s] atPn] 5t .
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] s6xl/ofd]
a}7s ;DkGg
k|sfz
>]i7÷s6x/Lof
s6xl/of;lxt
If]q gDa/ kf+rd] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] ;zSt agfa]s] n]n /f}tx6s] s6xl/ofd] ljleGg
dw];jfbL kf6L{s] ;+o'St a}7s ;DkGg e]n xP . ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{d]
cfa4 bns] g]tf tyf sfo{stf{;lxt pkl:yltd] ljGb]Zj/ /fo ofbjs] cu'jfOd] ;DkGg
a}7sd] tdnf]kfs] lhnf ;b:o /fdfsfGt rf}/l;of, g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{s] lhnf
pkfWoIf ;km{nfn s'zjfxf, kmf]/d g]kfn ljBfyL{s] lhnf cWoIf k|sfz ofbj nufots]
;xeflutf /xn g]tf ljGb]Zj/ /fo ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
x]km/s] cfwf/zLnf tflnd
;DkGg
pk]Gb|
ld>÷afnrgk'/
x]km/
OG6/g]zngs] cfly{s ;xof]u cf pHHjn eljios] ;fem]bf]/Ld] rf/ lbg] cfwf/zLnf
tflnd /f}tx6s] /+uk'/ # d] ;DkGg e]n xP . pHHjn eljio kf]l7ofxLåf/f ul7t lxdfn
kl/jf/ ;d"x a|xd6f]nf, k|]/0ff kl/jf/ ;d"x d}9f, ldng;f/ kl/jf/ ;d"x
dx'lnof 6f]ns] @%÷@% hg]s] ;xeflutf /xn sfo{qmdd] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs nIdL k+l8t, nlntf
l3ld/], ;xhstf{ gGbnfn /fo ofbj k|lzIf0f b]n] 5t . x]km/s] cfwf/e"t
l;4fGts] cfwf/k/ ;+ul7t ;eLs] !@uf] cfwf/s] ljifod] tflnd b]nu]n pHHjn eljios]
cWoIf lzjhL ho;jfn hfgsf/L afnrgk'/ ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld> hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
tflnd] ;xefuL nf]u pT;flxt b]vnu]n ;xefuL s'5 dlxnfs] k|ltlqmof /xn ld>s]
sxgfd xP .
;nf{xLs] l;;f}6d] sPnu]n df]6/;fOlsn /}nL
;nf{xL
;xsdL{
;nf{xLs]
If]q gDa/ ^ s] l;;f}6 uflj;;] j[xb df]6/;fOlsn /}nL lgsnn xP . ;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] b" ;o;] a];L df]6/;fOsns] /}nL u8lxof 8'dl/of,
ldhf{k'/, an/f, crnu9, xlyof}n, 5tf}gf, ;'bfdf, v}/af, ax'cjf{ xf]Ot k'gM
l;;f}6d] kx'rs] sf]0f;efd] kl/0ft e]n /x] . td;kfs] k"j{;ef;b lzjk"hg
ofbj, tdnf]kfs] cnv l;+x, g]kfnL sf+u|];s] /fd ;'Gb/ ofbj ;lxts] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn
xhf/f] sfo{stf{s] /}nLd] ljleGg gf/f nuaOt jfdb]j uf}tds] /fhLgfdf dfun] xP . /}nLs]
;xefuL cfGbf]ngsf/L ljleGg k|x/L rf}sL tyf ;z:q lacf]kLs] cufl8 6fo/ h/fs]
zLif{ g]tfnf]us] k'tnf;d]t bxg sPn] ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hgPn] 5t .
g]kfnL sf+u|];åf/f dn+ujfd] lgsfnnu]n xP df]6/;fOlsn /}nL
;nf{xL ;xsdL{
;nf{xLs] ;b/d'sfd dn+unjfd] g]kfnL
sf+u|];s] sfo{stf{åf/f df]6/;fOlsn /}nL lgsfnn u]n xP . g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;nf{xLs] o'jf g]tf aan'
s'df/ ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn df]6/;fOlsn /}nLd] eL u[xdGqL jfdb]j uf}dts]
/fhLgfdf dfu sPnu]n xP . dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hgaOt dw];Ls] dfu hNbL k'/f
s/]s] cf klxn]s] ;Demf}tf nfu" s/fa]s] ;fy] /}nLd] dw];L Pstfk/ eL hf]/
b]nu]n xP . dn+ujfs] lhlj; rf}s;] lgsns] df]6/;fOlsn /}nL ljleGg :yfgs] kl/qmdf
sPn] ;os8f] df]6/;fOlsnk/ kfr;o;] a];L nf]u ;xefuL /xn ;nf{xL ;xsdL{ hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
dn+ujfdf lzIfsåf/f eJo /}nL k|bz{g
;nf{xL ;xsdL{
;nf{xL lhnfs] dn+ujfd] ;nf{xLs] ljleGg
;+3–;+u7gd] cfj4 lzIfsnf]u eJo /}nL k|bz{g sPn] xP . lhlj; rf}s dn+ujf;] g]kfn
lzIfs km]8/]zgs] s]Gb|Lo cWoIF /fd]Zj/ /fo ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] lgsnn /}nL ljuts]
;Demf}tfs] nfu" s/, lzIff If]qs] zflGt If]q 3f]if0ff s/ nufots] gf/f nuaOt
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{åf/f cfXjfg sPnu]n aGbk|lt ;dy{g eL hgPn] xdgLs]
;nf{xL ;xsdL{ va/ k|]lift sPn] 5t . /}nLd] kf+r ;o;] a];L lzIfs nf]us] ;xeflutf
/xn va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
b" bh{g;] a];L k|x/L rf}sL clglZrtsfns] n]n sPnu]n :yfgfGt/0f
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
;'/Iffs]
sf/0f b]vaOt /f}tx6 lhnfs] b" bh{g;] a];L k|x/L rf}sLs] :yfgfGt/0f ss]
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nod] ;f/n u]n xP . ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{s] sfo{stf{
;as] nDaf ;do;] hf/L cfGbf]ngs] rnt] kl/l:ylt c;xh agn sxOt u|fdL0f If]qs]
k|x/L rf}sL ;as] :yfgfGt/0f sPnu]n xP . zflGt ;'/Iffs] b[li6sf]0f;]
clglZrtsfnts rf}sL ;a :yfgfGt/0f sPnu]n k|x/L pk/LIfs kB'Dg sfsL{ hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ;Gtk'/ bf]l:tof, Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no lkk|f/hjf8f
nufots] k|x/L rf}sL cf c:yfoL k|x/L kf]:6s] ;'/IffsdL{s] kfos k/]afnf
:yfgfGt/0f sPnu]n xP . lhnf ;'/Iff ;dGjo ;ldlts] lg0f{o cg';f/ lhnfs] zflGt
;'/Iffs] cj:yfd] ;'wf/ cPnfk/ klxn]s] xL huxk/ k|x/L kl/rfng s/]s] P;lk sfsL{
atPn] 5t . d+unjf/s] lbg /f}tx6s] uf}/l:yt sla/ rf}sk/ k|x/Ls] uf]nL nfunf;]
dl7of uflj; jf8{ gDa/ ^ s] dlxGb| 7fs'/s] n8sf /fhlszf]/ 7fs'/s] d[To'
xf]Pnfafb :yfgLo nf]u dl7of uflj;s] k|x/L rf}sLd] cfu nufb]n] /x] sxs] uf}td
>]i7 cgnfOg va/k/ va/ k|sflzt sPn] xP .
7fs'/s] d[To'k|lt /f}tx6 pjf;+3 sPns
Ifltk"lt{s] dfu
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
dw];
cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] /f}tx6s] ;b/d'sfd uf}/d] k'ln;s] uf]nLåf/f d[To' e]n /fhlszf]/
7fs'/s] ;lxb 3f]if0ff s/]s] dfu /f}tx6 pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 sPn] xP . ;+3s] cWoIf
sGyd'lgk|;fb ho;jfn Puf] lj1lKt lgsfns] 7fs'/s] d[To' xf]gfO ax't b'vb /xn pn]v
s/Ot /fHoåf/f aa{/tfk"0f{ sPnu]n xTof;] dw];s] cfGbf]ng g;]/fPs] cf
cfGbf]ngs] cfud] cfp/f] l3p yk]s] sfd s/]s] atPn] xP . dw]; cfGbf]ngs] dfus]
/fHoåf/f tTsfn ;Daf]wg s/]s] dfu s/Ot ;+3s] cWoIf ho;jfn d[ts 7fs'/s] Pshg]
cfl>ts] /f]huf/Ls] Joj:yf s/]s] eL dfu sPn] 5t . cO;xL t/fO{ dw]; nf]stflGqs
kf6L{s] /f}tx6 cWoIf afa'nfn ;fx, dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nf]stflGqs] lhnf cWoIf
cho u'Ktf, ;befjgf kf6L{s] lhnf cWoIf z]v hdz}b, Pdfcf]jfbLs] lhnf ;lrj cd/
;fx, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o aag l;+xnufots] ;+3;+:yf
7fs'/s] cljnDa ;lxb 3f]if0ff s/]s] n]n ;/sf/;] dfu sPn] xP .
s}nfnL 36gfk|lt lj/f]w hgaOt cfGbf]ngs]
lg/Gt/f b]a]s] /f}txl6of yf?s] pb3f]if
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
yf?;as]
cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] s}nfnLd] 36n 36gfk|lt yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ef /f}tx6 3f]/ lj/f]w
hgPn] xP . d'Vo tLg bns] x}sdjfbL gLlt cf x7s] kl/0ffds] ?kd] cfPn ;ft k|b]zs]
l;df+sgk/ lrt ga'ems] xf]Pn cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] s}nfnLs] ax't b'vb 36gf xf]Pn sxOt
;efs] /f}tx6 cWoIf /fd>o rf}w/L Puf] lj1lKt lgsfns] 36gfd] d[ts ;eLk|lt
;dj]bgf k|s6 sPn] 5t . 36gfs] afb yf?s] 3/d] cfu nufa]s] sfd xf]/xn sxOt tTsfn
aGb s/]s] n]n dfu eL sPn] xP cf yf? ;d'bfos] dfu k"/f gxf]Pnfts cfGbf]ng
hf/L /x]s] eL lj1lKtd] pn]v sPnu]n xP .
lj>fdk'/d] k|wfg cf u[xdGqLs] k'tnf bxg
pk]Gb|
ld>÷afnrgk'/
/f}tx6s]
lj>fdk'/d] k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnf cf u[xdGqL jfdb]j uf}tds] k'tnf bxg
sPnu]n xP . dw]; cf dw];Ls] cfGbf]ng af/x lbg;] rn/xnfk/ eL dfus] ;Daf]wg
gsPnf;] dfu ;Daf]wg s/fa]nf bafa b]Ot b'g'hg]s] k'tnf bxg sPnu]n xP . t/fO{
dw]; nf]stflGqs kf6L{s] If]qLo cWoIf zDe' ofbjs] cu'jfO{ cf ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL
kmf]/d g]kfns] lj>fdk'/ cWoIf jL/]Gb| k|;fb ofbjs] cWoIftfd] ljleGg gf/f
nuaOt uf+cf] kl/qmd sPnfafb lj>fdk'/s] d7 rf}sk/ k'tnf bxg sPnu]n afnrgk'/;]
xdgLs] ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld> hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;Gtk'/ bf]l:tofd] e]n df]6/;fOlsn /}nL
k|sfz
>]i7÷s6x/Lof
af/x
lbg;] rn/xn dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] /f}tx6s] kl5dL efud] eL cfGbf]ng u/dfPn xP . ;+3Lo
;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] ;Gtk'/ bf]l:tofs] cWoIf k'Gob]j k|;fb ofbjs] cWoIftf cf
g]t[Tjd] cfGbf]ngs] ;dy{gd] df]6/Olsn /}nL lgsfnn u]n xP . sl/a krf;uf]
df]6/;fOlsnk/ cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]u ;Gtk'/ bf]l:tof ahf/;] df}nfk'/ nufot ljleGg
ahf/ts dw]; cf dw];Ls] kIfd] ljleGg gf/f nuaOt /}nL k|bz{g sPn] xP . /}nLs] hux
huxk/ :yfgLoåf/f :jfut sPnu]n s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7 hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
nuftf/s] aGb;] u?8fd] bafOs] xf]Pnfun sdL
/fh]Zj/
kf08]÷u?8f
dw];
cfGbf]ngs] rnt] /f}tx6s] u?8fd] clt cfjZos bafOs] sdL b]vnhf/xn xP . nuftf/
af/x lbg;] oftfoft aGb /xnfs] rnt] jL/u+h cf uf}/ s]gx'';] bafO cfa] g;snf;]
bafOs] sdL xf]/xn bafOs] bf]sfgbf/ nf]us] sxgfd xP . u?8f rf}ss] d'Vo bafO
bf]sfgs] ?kd] /xn cf]dk|sfz d]l8sn xn cf ;fx' d]l8l;g ;]G6/nufot cGo bafO
bf]sfgd] eL bafOs] sdL xf]/xn b]vnu]n xP .
cf]d k|sfz d]l8sn xns] ;+rfns dx]Gb| ;xgL ljleGg lsl;ds] PlG6afof]l6s
bafOs] sdL xf]/xn atPn] 5t . sl/a b" xKtf;] s]gx';] bafO gcf/xnf;] sl/a Ps
bh{g lsl;ds] bafO sd xf]u]n ;fx' d]l8l;g ;]G6/s] ;+rfns dgf]h s'df/ ;fxs] sxgfd
xP . u?8fs] cGo bafO bf]sfgd] eL bafOs] sdL xf]/xn cf aGb lg/Gt/ a9t]u]nf;]
;j{;fwf/0fd] lrGtf a9n xP . s'5 nf]u bafOs] n]n eL ef/ts] 3f]8f;xgts kx'+r/xn
eL b]vnu]n xP .
tLg ;/sf/s] lj/f]w clgjfo{ /xn ljBfyL{
g]tf ;'af]w ofbjs] sxgfd
dgf]h
s'df/ rf}w/L÷u?8f
;+o'St
dw];L /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlts] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'af]w ofbj tLg bns] tLg ;/sf/
/xnf;] dw];Lpk/ bdg xf]/xn atPn] 5t . dw];d] dw];Ls] ;d:ofs] ;/sf/ ga'em/xn cf
sf+u|]; Pdfn] tyf Pdfcf]jfbL eL dw];s] pk/ bdg s/]s] ;f]+rd] /xn o'jf g]tf
ofbjs] sxgfd xP .
afnaflnsf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
afnaflnsf,
o'jtL tyf dlxnfs] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ ;d:of lgoGq0fs] n]n uflj;:t/Lo ;r]tgf
sfo{qmd /f}tx6s] a;Gtkl6, lh+u8jf cf e]l8ofxLd] ;DkGg e]n xP . dlxnf ;'/Iff
bafa ;d"x /f}tx6s] cfof]hgf cf Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn /f}tx6s] ;xsfo{d]
blnt, d'l:nd cf lk58f ju{ ;d'bfos] afnaflnsfs] ;fy] cleefjss] a]rlavgs] :j?k cf
lgoGq0fs] pkfos] ljifok/ lj:t[t hfgsf/L s/fanu]n xP . /f}tx6s] blvgL If]qd] ef/t;]
l;dfg h'6n ljleGg rf/uf] gfsfk/ afnaflnsf tyf dlxnf lgu/fgL a'y ;+rfng sPnu]n
cf cf]O;g sf}gf] ultljlws] ;+vf nunfk/ ;DalGwt lgsfod] t'/Gt hfgsf/L s/fa]s]
ljifos] ;d"xs] ;lrj dfnfb]jL ho;jfn :ki6 sPn] 5t .
kGb|xhg] lszf]/Ld] ljt/0f sPnu]n 5fqj[lQ
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
lg/If/
lszf]/ lszf]/Ls] ;fIf/tfk|lt cfslif{t s/]s] n]n /f}tx6s] afnrgk'/d] kGb|x hg]
lszf]/ lszf]/Ls] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg sPnu]n xP . g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3
rGb|k'/ !# ;] !( jif{tss] lg/If/ lszf]/ lszf]/Ls] ;fIf/ agfa]d] ;xof]u s/]s]
n]n k|To]s] a]u, lstfa, snd, sfkL k|bfg sPn] xP . ;+:yfs] ;'k/efOh/ v]d ?rfn,
;xhstf{ ;ljtf rf}w/L, k|ltdf rf}w/L, s}nfz /fd ;lxts] 6f]nL lszf]/ lszf]/Ls]
5fqj[lQ k|bfg sPn] ;xhstf{ k|Llt rf}w/Ls] xjfnf b]Ot ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld>
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;nfxLs] u8lxofd] lgsnn ljzfn /}nL
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
;nf{xLs]
u8lxof 8'dl/of uflj;d] ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{åf/f ljzfn /}nL lgsfnnu]n
xP . td;kfs] k"j{;ef;b lzjk"hg ofbjs] g]t[Jdd] lgsnn /}nL xdgLs] dfu
k"/f s/, ;ft k|b]zs] l;df+sg vf/]h s/ nufots] gf/f nuaOt ahf/ kl/qmdf sPn]
xP . sl/a rf/ xhf/ nf]us] ;xeflutf /xn sfo{qmdd] u[xdGqL jfdb]j uf}td, s]kL
zdf{ cf]nL, dfwjs'df/ g]kfn nufots] g]tfs] k'tnf eL bxg sPnu]n xP . cfGbf]ngs]
;dy{gd] Jofks hg;xeflutf a9n cf dw];s] dfu ;Daf]wg gxf]Pnfts cfGbf]ng hf/L
/x]s] tknf]kfs] o'jf g]tf /d]z >Ljf:tj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;nf{xL lhnfs] dn+ujfd] nf7L cf nfn6]g /}nL;lxt
sPnu]n xP gu/ kl/qmdf
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
;nf{xLs]
;b/d'sfd dn+ujfd] nf7L cf nfn6]g;lxts] /}nL lgsfnn u]n xP . dw]; cf dw];Ls]
dfus] k"/f s/fa]s] n]n nf7L;] r]tfjgL b]a]s] nfn6]gs] O+hf]t;] lbgd]
dw];s] cj:yf ;/sf/s] b]vfa]s] n]n nf7L;lxt nfn6]g /}nL lgsfnnu]n cfGbf]ngsf/Ls]
sxgfd xP . tdnf]kfs] ;bf;b h+uLnfn /fo cf ;befjgfs] lhnf cWoIf k|df]b ;fx
nufots] g]tfs] cu'jfOd] dn+ujfd] e]n /}nLd] ;os8f] nf]us] ;xeflutf /xn /x] . cO;xL
;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] cWoIf czf]s s'df/ ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] uf}8}tf ahf/k/
6fo/ af/s] h'n'; k|bz{g sPnu]n ;nf{xL;] lzjlszf]/ l;+x hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
g]kfn
;/sf/ s}nfnL cf /f}tx6s] b+ufu|:t If]q 3f]if0ff sPn] xP . u[x dGqfnos] k|jStf
nIdLk|;fb 9sfn ;+j]bgzLn lhnfd] cj ;]gf cf ;r{ ck/];gd] v6;s]s] cgnfOg va/;]
atPn] 5t . b+ufu|:t If]qd] zflGt ;'/Iffs] Joj:yf s/]s] n]n u[x k|zf;g sl6a4 /xn
xP . ;/sf/ s}nfnL, /f}tx6, ;nf{xL, slkna:t' cf ?kGb]xL lhnfs] ;+j]bgzLn If]qs]
;"rLd] /vn] xP . sDo'lgs]zg sg{/s]
cg';f/ 6Lsfk'/, uf}/ cf dn+ujfd] ;]gf kl/rfng sPnu]n xP .
;d:ofs] jftf{ cf ;Djfbs] dfWod;] ;dfwfg
s/]s] k"j{dGqL k|e' ;fxs] cfu|x
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
PsLs[t
g]skf dfcf]jfbLs] kf]ln6Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf k"j{dGqL k|e' ;fx uf}/sfG8d]
d"n bf]ifL ;/sf/ xL /xn atPn] 5t . jftf{ cf ;Djfbs] dfWod;] ;d:ofs] ;dfwfg
vf]hgfO 5f]8s] ;/sf/ bdgs] gLlt cjnDag sPnf;] uf}/ 36gf e]n /f}6x6 If]q gDa/
tLg;] lgjf{lrt ;ef;b;d]t /xn ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . uf}/ 36gfd] 3fPn ;eLs]
pkrf/s] Joj:yf s/]s] eL x'g dfu sPn] 5t .
aGb;] hghLjg k|efljt u?8f If]qd] eL aGbs]
k/n k|efj
/fh]Zj/
kf08]÷u?8f
dw];L
df]rf{s] aGb;] dWo/f}tx6s] hghLjg eL k|efljt e]n xP . nuftf/s] aGb;] ;/sf/L
sfof{no, lzIffno, pBf]u tyf a]kf/ k'/] 7k /xn xP . uf}/d] uf]nL rnnf afb
;v'cjf;] n]s] afnrgk'/ts :jtM :km"t{ ?k;] hux hux 6fo/ af/s] k|bz{g e]n xP
. cfGbf]ng;] ;eL If]qs] hghLjg k|efljt xf]Pn xP .
clGtd ;f]djf/Ls] e]n lzjgu/d] dxfeL8
/fh]Zj/
kf08]÷u?8f
/f}tx6s]
k|d'v wfld{s :yn lzjgu/d] clGtd ;f]djf/s] lbg ax't eL8efu b]vnu]n xP . ;a]/]
kf+r ah];] ;f+emts krf; xhf/;] a];L bz{gfyL{ lzjg/d] dxfb]js] bz{g sPn] xP .
afudtL cf nfnas}ofs] ljleGg 3f6;] hn n]s] lzjgu/d] dxfb]js] hnfk{0f s/]afnf
af]nads] ;+Vof sl/a bz xhf/ /xn xP . cO;xL /f}tx6s] ljleGg uf+cf]s] ;fy] af/f
cf ;nf{xLs] eL bz{gfyL{nf]u lzjgu/d] bz{g s/] cfPn xP . ef/ts] ljleGg uf+cf];]
ljleGg ;fwgs] k|of]u ss] ;j{;fwf/0f lzjgu/d] bz{g s/] k'un xP . ;fj{hlgs
oftfoft k"0f{ ?k;] 7k /xnfk/ eL ljleGg lghL ;fwgs] k|of]u ss] bz{gfyL{nf]u
lzjgu/ k'un xP . cTolws dlxnf nf]u ;f]djf/L kagLs] ;dfkg s/] lzjgu/ k'un xP .
dxfb]j:yfg hfPafnfd] yf? dlxnfs] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /xn xP .
afnaflnsfåf/f ;8s gf6ss] sPnu]n k|bz{g
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
afnaflnsfåf/f
rGb|k'/ cf u}+8f6f/d] ;8s gf6s k|bz{g sPnu]n xP . hg;]jf g]kfns] cfof]hgf cf
Knfg OG6/g]zgn /f}tx6s] ;xof]ud] /f}tx6s] rGb|k'/ ahf/ cf u}+8f6f/d] ;/;kmfO
;DaGwL hgr]tgf gf6ss] k|bz{g sPnu]n xP . /f}tx6s] v'n lb;fd'St s/]s] n]n 3/3/d]
;f}rfno agfpm cf :jf:Yok/ Wofg lbpm hO;g pb]Zo n]s] afnsnfsf/ ;aåf/f k|bz{g
sPnu]n ;8s gf6ss] sl/a kf+r ;o hg] cjnf]sg sPn] afnrgk'/ ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld>f
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
8]9 ;o ln6/ 3/]n' dlb/f gi6
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
/f}tx6s] 8'dl/of;] Onfsf k|x/L
sfof{no 8'dl/of Ps ;o krf; ln6/ cj}w 3/]n' dlb/f kqmfp ss] gi6 sPn] xP . do'/L
O{ l/S;fk/ ( uf] u}ngd] rGb|k'/;] u?8fs] t/km n]cf/xn cj:yfd] a/fdb ss] :yfgLo
;dfh;]jL, ;+rf/sdL{ cf ;j{;fwf/0fs] /f]xa/d] gi6 sPn] xP . aGbs] ;dod] do'/L
l/S;fs] k|of]u ss] cj}w 3/]n' dlb/f n]hfPs] ;"rgf k|x/Ls] ldnnfs] afb
r]shf+r s/]s] qmdd] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no 8'dl/ofs] k|x/L k|d'v 6f}lkms vfg k}7fg
a/fdb ss] gi6 sPn] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . 3/]n' dlb/fs] sf/0f ;fdflhs ljs[lt b]vf
k/nf;] k'ln; lgu/fgL a9Pn] xP .
aGbs] ;zSt agfa]s] n]n cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f jL/u+hd] sPnu]n nf7L k|bz{g
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
aGbs] cfp/f] ;zSt agfa]s] n]n
dw];jfbL bn;a jL/u+hd] nf7L k|bz{g sPn] xP . ;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{ cf
;+3Lo dw];L df]rf{ cfGbf]ngs] cfp/f] s8f agfa]s] n]n jL/u+hd] cnu cnu nf7L
k|bz{g sPnu]n xP . afhfufhf;lxt jL/u+hs] 3G6f3/ rf}s;] nf7L h'n'; dfO{:yfg,
cfbz{gu/, cnlvofd7, 3l8cjf{ xf]Ot 3G6f3/d] cfPs] ;dfkg e]n xP . cfGbf]ngsf/L
nf]u jL/u+hs] s'5 xf]6nk/ kyn eL k|xf/ sPn] xP . s'5 JolSt cfGbf]ngd] 3';k}7
ss] cfGbf]ngs] sdhf]/ agfa]s] sfd xf]/xn eL g]tfnf]us] sxgfd xP . jL/u+hd]
aGbs] k|efj k"0f{ ?k;] k/n xP . aGbs] rnt] jL/u+hs] oftfoft, lzIff, a]kf/,
pBf]u eL k"0f{ ?k;] 7k xP . aGb ax't s8f /xnfk/ eL jL/u+hd] sf}gf] clk|o
36gf g36n ofqf 8]nL va/ k|sflzt sPn] xP .
/f}tx6s] Pshg]s] sdnf gbLd] d[To'
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
n+u'/vf]nfs] dxfb]js] bz{g s/]u]n /f}tx6s]
Pshg]s] sdnf gbLd] d[To' e]n xP . l;Gw'nLs] sdnf gbLd] bxfs] /f}tx6 a}l/ofs]
krf; jifL{o afa'nfn ;xgLs] d[To' e]n xP . l;Gw'nLs] xtkt] uflj;d] /xn dw'u+uf
dxfb]js] bz{gs] n]n hfPs] qmdd] sdnf gbL 6k] vf]hnfk/ a];L kfgLs] rnt] bxfs]
;xgLs] d[To' e]n va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
k]6«f]ns] d"Nod] kDkåf/f 7uL
dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L÷u?8f
k]6«f]ns] d"Nod] kDkåf/f xL 7uL
sPnhf/xn xP . u?8f;] s6xl/of hfPafnf /f:tfd] s6xl/of ahf/s] ghlbs /xn >L/fd
cfon :6f];{d] ;j{;fwf/0f;] a];L d"No n]n hf/xn xP . aGbs] ;do b]vfs] Ps ;o
kf+r ?k}of k|ltln6/s] k]6«f]n Ps ;o ;ft ?k}ofs] b/;] a]r/xn b]vnu]n xP .
;j{;fwf/0f pkef]Stf;] k|ltln6/ b" ?k}of 7uL s//xnf;] ;DalGwt lgsfos] Wofg
tTsfn hfPs] 7uLd] k/n kqsf/ dgf]h s'df/ rf}w/L hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
^) xhf/ hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ nIo ;lxt cf“vf pkrf/ s]Gb|s] e]n
:yfkgf
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
g]kfn g]q Hof]lt ;+3 cGt{ut ;+rflnt /fds'df/ dxflj/ k|;fb s]l8of
cf“vf c:ktfn jL/u+h k;f{ lhNnfs] gd'gf uf=lj=;= le:jfd] gof“ cf“vf pkrf/ s]Gbs]
:yfkgf s s];]jf ;'rf? sPn] xP . p ;]jf]
;f]daf/ ;] ;'rf? xf]Pn xP. klxnsf lbg pQm cf“vf pkrf/ s]Gb|d] !&& hgf
u|fld0f e]us] cf“vf /f]uL ;as] pkrf/ s]Gb| ;]jf k|bfg sPn] s]l8of cf“vf c:ktfn
jL/u+hs] k|zf;g k|d'v k|sfz adf{ ;~rf/sdL{ ;a s] atPn] xP .
dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] rGb|k'/d] h/fanu]n ;ft k|b]zs] vfsf, uf}/d] e]n nf7L h'n'; k|bz{g
pk]Gb|
ld>÷jfnrgk'/
dw];
cfGbf]ngs] k|efj /f}tx6s] ;eL If]qd] k/n xP . /f}tx6s] ;b/d'sfd uf}/;]
rGb|k'/ts k'/] k|efj b]vnu]n xP . rGb|k'/d] yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ef /f}tx6s]
cWoIf /fd c>o rf}w/L tLg bns] zLif{ g]tfåf/f n]cfanu]n ;ft k|b]zs] vfsf
h/fPns h/fanu]n xP . aGbs] qmdd] rGb|k'/ ahf/ k"0f{ ?k;] 7k /xn afnrgk'/
;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld>f hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . /f}tx6s] latf{ ahf/;] pQ/ b]jLdfO{
rf}sk/ sf}zn vfg ldlynfs] g]t[Tjd] k|bz{g sPn kqsf/ lbg]z b]xftL hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t . cO;xL ;b/d'sfd uf}/ eL cfGbf]ng;] k"0f{ k|efljt agn xP . cfGbf]ngs]
qmdd] lhnfd] sf}gf] dxTjk"0f{ 36gf g36n xP . ;b/d'sfds] cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]u
nf7L h'n'; k|bz{g sPn] xP . nf7L h'n';k/ ;/sf/åf/f k|ltaGw /xnfk/ eL
zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{g;] ;/sf/ cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] cfjfh g;'gs] pN6] k;f{s] 7f]/L
uflj;s] k|b]z gDa/ @ ;] sf6s] k|b]z gDa/ # d] /vnf;] nf7L h'n'; k|bz{g sPn]
cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] sxgfd xP . cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a uf}/d] ;'/IffsdL{pk/ kyn eL k|xf/
sPn] xP du/ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f ;+odtf ckgfan u]n cgnfOgk/ va/ pknAw xP . cO;xL
cfly{s gu/L u?8f, u+uflkk/f nufots] ahf/ eL k"0f{ ?k;] k|efljt e]n xP .
cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f u?8fs] aLr ;8sk/ h/fanu]n
tLg zLif{ g]tf;lxt u[xdGqLs] k'tnf
/fh]Zj/
kf08]÷u?8f
dw];
cfGbf]ngs] qmdd] cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f /f}tx6s] u?8f rf}sk/ Ptaf/s] lbg rf/hg]s]
k'tnf bxg sPnu]n xP . k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, u[xdGqL afdb]j uf}td, g]skf
Pdfn]s] cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL cf PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLs] cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn
k|rG8s] k'tnf u?8f ahf/s] d'Vo rf}s d]y'/ kfs{ndg h/fanu]n xP . latf{ rf}s;]
3f/L 3G6f ahaOt, Pshg] x+l8of n]n cf bf];/hg] uf]O7Ls] cfuL n]s] cfu]cfu] rnn
cf Puf] kmsL{s] ;hfs] rf?hg] g]tfs] k|tLs agfs] zjofqf u?8f rf}sts k'un /x] .
zjofqfd] ;os8f]hg] ;xefuL e]n /x] . u?8f ahf/s] kl/qmdfs] d]y'/ rf}sk/ aLr]
;8sd] rf?hg]s] k'tnfs] clGtd ;+:sf/ sPnu]n xP . cf] cj;/k/ cfGbf]ngsf/L nf]u dw];
;/sf/ lhGbfafb nufots] ljleGg gf/f eL nuPn] /x] .;befjgf kf6L{s] g]tf honfn
;fx, /fhs'df/ bf; cf t/fO{ dw]; nf]stflGqs kf6L{s] g]t[ OGb|dfnf ho;jfns]
g]t[Tjd] e]n k'tnf bxg sfo{qmdd] ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] l;lsGb| /fo
ofbj, n8fO /fo ofbj, laGbf ;fxnufots] g]tf sfo{stf{ nf]us] cu|0fL e"ldsf
/xn /x] .
cfGbf]ngs] cfp/f] ;zSt agfa]s] n]n pBf]u
jfl0fHo ;+3 /f}tx6 sPns cfu|x
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6
pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+u dw]; cfGbf]ngs] cfp/f] ;zSt agfa]s] cfu|x sPn] xP . ;+3s]
/f}tx6 cWoIf sGydl0f k|;fb ho;jfn Puf] k|]; lj1lKt lgsfns] ;fjg #! ut];] dw];L
df]rf{åf/f dw];L ghtfs] xs clwsf/s] n]n hf/L cfGbf]ngd] lhnfs] pBdL, Jofkf/L
Pj+ ;+3 hf/L xf]Phf/xn ;+ljwfgd] dw];L hgtfs] k"0f{ clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
gxf]Pnfts cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf hgPn] pn]v xP . ;fy] lhnfs] ;Dk"0f{ pBf]u,
Jofkf/, snsf/vfgf aGb ss] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] cfp/f] ;zSt agfa]s] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;eL;]
cfu|x eL sPnu]n xP .
/f}tx6d] dlxnfpk/ km]/ e]n anfTsf/s] 36gf
;fj{hlgs
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6d]
km]/ Pshg] dlxnfpk/ anfTsf/s] 36gf e]n xP . /f}tx6s] hf]sxf uflj; jf8{ gDa/ $
hogu/d] @% jifL{of dlxnfpk/ anfTsf/s] 36gf e]n xP . jf8{ gDa/ ^ s] z]v
df]lkmh'n xs :yfgLo Pshg] dlxnfs] anfTsf/ sPn] cf/f]kd] kqmfp k/n xP . ;fbL
e]nf sl/a cf7 al/; e]n Pshg] dlxnfs] emf/km's s/]u]n z]v df]lkmh'n xs
3/afnfafx]s af+sL ;eL cfbdLs] 3/s] afx/ /fvs] emf/km's s/]s] atPnfafb 3/s] ;eL
cfbdL afx/ rnu]n /x] . 3/s] ;eL ;b:os] afx/ lgsnnfk/ emf/km's sO/t xs dlxnfs]
3/afnf;] h]tgf hNbL xf];s] ;ftuf] sn;] kfgL n]cfa]s] sxn] /x] . 3/afnfs] afx/
lgsnt] dlxnfpk/ anfTsf/ sPn] cf s]tgf] lrlrcPnfk/ nf]u 3/d] gcfPn du/ ;ftuf]
snk/;] kfgL n]s] kx'+rn 3/afnf dlxnf;] cufl8 k'unfk/ /f]Ot ;f/f 36gf ;'gPn] /x]
. 36gf xf]Pnfk/ :yfgLoaf;L hogu/l:yt k|x/L rf}sLd] va/ sPn] /x] . hogu/ k|x/L
rf}sLs] OGrfh{ c;O{ a]rg ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] u]n 6f]nL z]v kmf]lkmh'ns] kqmfp ss]
lhnf k|x/L sfof{no rnfg sPn] xP . xs ;eLs] ;fdg] ck/fws] :jLsf/ sPn] uf}/;]
kqsf/ dbg 7fs'/ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
nuftf/s] jiff{;] /f}tx6s] ls;fgs] r]x/fk/ b]vnhf/xn xP v';L
uf]ljGb
;xgL÷u?8f
tLg
lbg;] a/; /xn d]3;] ;j{;fwf/0f ls;fg v';L e]n xP . PO{ ;fns] df};dd] klxna]/
Ptgf d]3 a/;nfs] ls;fgs] v]td] kfgL nfun cf kOgkemf/Ld] eL kfgL b]vnhf/xn xP .
jiff{ gxf]Pnf;] k/;fg ls;fg wfgs] v]td] af]l/ª cf bdsn;] kfgL k6aOt k/;fg
xf]u]n /x] . jiff{ sd xf]Pnf;] wfgv]tLd] Jofks Iflt xf]Ps] cg'dfg xP du/ ceLs]
jiff{ts] Iflts] s'5 e/kfO s/]s] hgHof]lt s[ifs ;d"x /f}tx6s] cWoIf bLknfn
;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . jiff{ xf]Pnf;] wfgv]tL s/]afnf ls;fg cTolws v';L e]n xP
. jiff{;] t/sf/L, p+v nufots] afnLs] eL
kmfPbf k'un ls;fg nf]us] k|ltlqmof /xn xP . PxLaLr jiff{;] Pshg]s] 3/ lu/nf;]
nfv ?k}ofs] Iflt k'un xP . uDxl/of ljtf{ jf8{ gDa/ # cf+s8kfy/s] ?knfn /fpts]
vk8fs] 3/ jiff{;] lu/nf;] 3/d] ljleGg lsl;ds] Iflt k'un cf ;eL Iflt sl/a Ps nfv
?k}ofs] xf];ss] :yfgLo ;+rf/sdL{ lbg]z b]xftL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
xiff{xfd] 8'as] Pshg] afnss] e]n d[[To'
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s]
xiff{xfd] Puf] afnss] 8'as] d[To' e]n xP . xiff{xf uflj; jf8{ gDa/ @ s] /fdafa' kf;jfg c?0f
kf;jfgs] 8'as] d[To' e]n xP . d[ts afnss] kf]:6df6{d rGb|k'/d] s/fan u]n xP
. afnss] 8'as] xL d[To' e]n Onfsf k|x/L
sfof{no u?8f k'li6 sPn] xP .
aGb;] hghLjg k'/] 7k /xn xP z'qmaf/s] lbg
eL
alHhsf
Go"h 8]:s
;+o'St
nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{åf/f hf/L /xn aGb;] /f}tx6s] hghLjg z'qmaf/ eL k|efljt
/xn xP . aGb;] lhnfs] clwsf+z ahf/ cf snsf/vfgf aGb /xn xP . z}lIfs ;+:yf ;d]t
k'/] 7Kk /xn xP . aGb;] k|efjsf/L agfa]s] n]n lhnfs] ljleGg huxk/ aGbstf{ ;lqmo
b]vu]n xP . u?8f ahf/ aGb s/fa]s] n]n
;befjgf kf6L{s] :yfgLo g]tf /fhs'df/ bf;, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] n8fO
/fo ofbj, /fd nfn /fo ofbj, t/fO dw]; nf]stflGqs kf6L{s] OGb|dfnf ho;jfnnufot
a;Gt 7fs'/, /d]z ;xgL, jL/]Gb| /fo ofbj;d]ts] 6f]nL lbge/ ;lqmo b]vnu]n xP . O{
nf]us] ;lqmotfs] rnt] u?8f ahf/s] ;fy] u?8fs] ;eL oftfoft k"0f{ ?k;] aGb
/xn b]vnu]n xP . df]rf{s] aGbs] ljifod] xdgL u?8f If]qs] kl/lrt s'5 ljz]if
cfbdL;] atlrt sPn] 5L . k|:t't xP px] aftlrts] vf; c+z M
kfgLs] ljifod] e]n emu8f;] Pshg] e]n uDeL/
3fPn
s6x/Lof ;xsld{
/f}tx6s] sgsk'/d] kfgLs] ljifo n]s] b" kIfd] emu8f e]n
xP . uflj; sgsk'/ jf8{ gDa/ & s] #& al/;s] df];flkm/ dG;'/Ls] sgsk'/ $ s]]
;'vn rf}w/L cf af;' rf}w/Ls] aLr kfgLs] ljifod] e]n emu8fd] df];flkm/ dG;'/L uDeL/
3fPn e]n xP . rf}w/L kIf;] 6fªL;] k|x/ sPnf;] uDeL/ 3fPn dG;'/Ls] rGb|k'/d]
k|fylds pkrf/ sPnu]n cf yk pkrf/s] n]n afx/ kx'rfanu]n xP . dG;'/Ls] cj:yf
gfh's /xnf;] rf}w/L kIf km/f/ e]n s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz >]i7 hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t
.
zflGt If]q ljBfno aGb s/fa]s] n]n
OGx'/]8s k'gM sPns cfu|x
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;+3Lo /fHos] l;df+sg cf cf/If0f, ljz]if cf/If0f, ljz]if
If]qs] ;fy] clwsf/ cf klxrfgs] ljifo n]s] nuftf/ xf]/xn aGb;] t/fO dw];s]
afnaflnsf cf o'jfs] lzIffk/ uDeL/ c;/ k/n sxOt OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgn gfds
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfs] /f}tx6 k|ltlglw 6Lsf l3ld/] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f e]n hgPn]
5t . OGx'/]8s] t/km;] Puf] k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt s/Ot blIf0f Pl;ofs] ;a;] sdhf]/ lzIff /xn g]kfnd]
aGb;] lzIffs] cj:yf cfp/ sdhf]/ xf]Ot u]nf;] lzIff If]qs] aGb d'St s/]s] cfu|x
s/Ot aGbstf{ ;a;] lzIff If]qs] aGb;] d'St ss] zflGt If]q agfa]s] cfu|x sPn] 5t
.
cnkq afnaflnsfs] p4f/ ss] cleefjss]
nufanu]n lhDdf
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
cnkq cj:yfd] /xn af/fs] b" hg] aflnsfs] dlxnf ;'/Iff
bafa ;d"x /f}tx6 p4f/ sPn] xP . af/fs] 8'd/afgf uflj; jf8{ gDa/ ( b'wf}/f
6f]nf lgjf;L eLd ef]ngs] * al/;s] a]6L ;'lgtf ef]ng cf ef]nf axfb'/ ef]ngs] !!
al/;s] a]6L sfnLdfof ef]ngs] dx]Gb| /fhdfu{s] kf}/fO{ h+un;] Onfsf k|x/L
sfof{no rGb|k'/s] ;xof]u;] p3f/ ss] cleefjss] lhdf nufanu]n xP . h+un;] rf/ lbg
klxn] xL p4f/ sPnu]n cf Knfg OG6/g]zg g]kfns] ;xof]ud] vfgf, sk8f, oftfoft
nufots] ;'ljwf k|bfg sPnu]n xP . dlxnf ;'/Iff bafa ;d"x cf hg;]jf g]kfns]
;dGjod] clwsf/sdL{, ;+rf/sdL{ cf k|x/Ls] /f]xa/d] aflnsfs] cleefjss] lhdf
nufanu]n va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
uf]ljGb ;xgL÷u?8f
rn/xn
dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt hg;fwf/0fs] ;dy{g a9t] u]n xP . aGb;] lhnfs] ;Dk"0f{
If]q k|efljt b]vnhf/xn xP . aGbs] rnt] lakm]s] lbg lhnfs] hghLjg k"0f{
k|efljt agn xP . lhnfs] nueu ;eL ahf/ cf oftfoft aGb /xn xP . pBf]u cf
snsf/vfgf eL k"0f{ ?k;] 7k /xn xP . ;/sf/L cf u}//sf/L ;+:yfs] sf/f]af/ eL
nueu aGb /xn xP . aGbs] ;dy{gd] lghL ljBfno ;a eL aGb /xn b]vnu]n xP . aGbk|lt
;j{;fwf/0fs] ;dy{g a9Ot u]n cf aGbs] ;dy{gd] lhnfs] ljleGg efud] gf/f h'n'; eL
k|bz{g sPnu]n xP .
aGbk|lt
lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 /f}tx6 cKkg k"0f{ ;dy{g /xn hgPn] xP . aGbs] ;dy{gd]
lgdf{0f Jofj;foL /f}tx6s] t/km;] df]6/;fOlsn /}nLs] lgsfnn u]n xP . xhf/f]
df]6/;fOlsn ;xefuL /xn /}nL uf}/;] ;'? xf]s] a+s'n xf]Ot s6xl/of k'us] u?8f
ahf/ kx'+rn /x] . /}nL u?8f;] ;'sb]j rf}s xf]Ot lkk/f ahf/;] blvgcf]/L hfs]
uf}/ kx'rs] sf]0f;efd] kl/0ft e]n /x] . cdsLa]/s] dw]; cfGbf]ngs] qmdd]
/f}tx6s] ;a;] ndx/ h'n'; lgsfn]afnf lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 /f}tx6s] df]6/;fOlsn
h'n'; u?8f kx'+rnfk/ cfGbf]ngsf/L cf ;j{;fwf/0fåf/f eJo :jfut sPnu]n xP .
/}nLs] ;Daf]wg s/Ot tdnf]kfs] lhnf cWoIf afa'nfn ;fx, g]t[ OGb|dfnf ho;jfn,
;befjgfs] /fhs'df/ bf;, kmf]/ds] /fd nfn ofbjnufots] g]tf sfo{stf{ ;a dw];s]
clwsf/ k|flKts] cf]/ cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9r'sn atPng . sfo{qmdd] lgdf{0f Joj;foL
;+3 dWodf+rn ;+of]hs /fd k|;fb k6]n, ;+3s] /f}tx6 cWoIf gfu]Gb| ;fx nufots]
nf]u tg, dg cf wg;] lgdf{0f Jofj;foLnf]u cfGbf]ngs] ;fy b]/xn cf dw];s] clwsf/
:yflkt sPnfs] afb] xL bd w/]s] atPn] 5t .
afnhf]lvds] Go'gLs/0fs] n]n afnclwsf/
tflnd
alHhsf Go" 8]:s
afnaflnsf
lszf]/L cf dlxnf pk/ xf]/xn laleGg k|sf/s] lx+;f, of}g zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/,
a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/s] afn>d hO;g ;d:ofs] Go"lgs/0f s/]s] n]n
afnclwsf/ tflnd ;'?cft e]n xP . Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn cf dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d'x
/f}tx6s] ;xsfo{d] uflj; – nf}sfxfl:yt kf]vl/of 6f]nfd] afn hf]lvdtf Go'lgs/0fs]
n]n afnclwsf/ tflnd ;'? e]n xP . kfFr lbgts rn]afnf tflndd] d'l:nd cf blnt
;d'bfos] $@ hg] afnaflnsfs] ;xeflutf /xn cf clwsf/sdL{ 6Lsf l3ld/] tflnd b]/xn
:yfgLo Joj:yfks k|]dlznf b]jL ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
tL; ln6/
nf]sn bf? gi6
uf]ljGb ;xgL÷u?8f
k|x/L
rf}sL jl/of/k'/ tL; ln6/ cj}w dlb/f kqmfp sPn] xP . rf}sLs] OGrfh{ c;O{ lzjgfy
/fpts] sdfG8d] u]n u:tL 6f]nL uDxl/of k;f{ uflj;s] jf8{ gDa/ ^ s] gfx/;] b'uf]
u}ngd] a]jfl/;] cj:yfd] /xn cj}w nf]sn dlb/f a/fdb ss] :yfgLo eb|enfbdL cf
;dfh;]jLs] /f]xa/d] gi6 xPn] xP . u:tLd] /xn b]vs] bf?s] sf/f]af/L efun xf];s]
OGrfh{ ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
:jtGq dw]; u7aGwgs] rfokfg sfo{qmd ;DkGg
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
8f=
l;s] /fpts] g]t[Tjd] /xn :jtGq dw]; u7aGwgs] rfokfg sfo{qmd /f}tx6s] lzjgu/d]
;DkGg e]n xP . dw];s] ;eL lhnfd] u7aGwgs] ckg ;+u7g /xn cf dw];s] clwsf/s] n]n
hfu/0f huf/xn cj:yfd] k"/] dw];d] /f}tx6 lhnfs] lt;/sf :yfg u7aGwgs] /xn
Pshg] sfo{stf{ 6f]gL /fo ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . lhnfd] sl/a b" xhf/
b" ;o sfo{stf{ u7aGwgs] t}of/ xf]u]n hfgsf/L s/aOt ofbj dw]; cfGbf]ngk|lt
u7aGwgs] ;dy{g /xn hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
uflj; ;lrjlj?4
:yfgLoaf;L cfqmf]lzt
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
/f}tx6s]
/fhb]jL uflj;s] :yfgLoaf;L uflj; ;lrj gGblszf]/ rf}w/Llj?4 cfqmf]lzt agn xP .
g]kfn ;/sf/ b]n] ljsf; cg'bfgs] /sdd] clgoldttf sPn] sxOt :yfgLoaf;L ;lrjlj?4
cfqmf]lzt agn xP . latn b" cfly{s jif{s] uflj;s] cfo cf Joo ;fj{hlgs s/]s]
dfu sPnfk/ ;lrj rf}w/L gb]nf;] :yfgLoaf;L cfqmf]lzt agn xP . latn b"
jif{s] /dsd] sl/a PsO; nfv ?k}of ;lrjåf/f lxgfldgf sPn] cf/f]k :yfgLoaf;Ls] /xn
xP . lx;fa gb]nfk/ hO;g eL cfGbf]ng s/]s] n]n :yfgLoaf;L t}of/ /xn kqsf/ /fs]z
ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
gfuk+rdL >4fk"j{s xP dgfan hf/xn
uf]ljGb ;xgL÷u?8f
dw];L
;+:s[lts] Puf] dxTjk"0f{ kagLs] ?kd] /xn gfuk+rdL a'wjf/s] lbg
>4fk"j{s dgfan u]n xP . ;fjg dlxgfs] Ohf]l/of kIfs] k+rdL ltlys] lbg
dgfa] hfPafnf gfuk+rdLs] u|fdL0f efiffd] nSkf+r]s] gfcf];] hfgn hfOc .
nSkf+r]s] lbg ckgf 3/s] s'n b]jtfs] ;fy] gfus] eL k"hf sPnhfOc . cfh's]
lbg xL eujfg >Ls[i0f kf]v/Ld] gfus] gfys] ;j{;fwf/0fs] /Iff sPn] ljZjf; xP .
cfhs] lbg gfub]jtfs] k"hf sPnf;] gfus] k|sf]k sd xf]Ps] ;fdflhs ljZjf; /xn
xP . nSkf+r]s] 3/s] b]jtfs] k"hf s/Ot ;eL kagLt]xf/s] cfa]s] lgdGq0f eL
b]nhfOc . nSkf+r];] PO{ ;fns] ;eL kagL cfa]s] ;+s]t ldnn eL ;fdflhs ljZjf; /xn
xP .
rGb|k'/s] gu/kflnsfs] rf/uf] j8f v'nf
lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff s/]s] t}of/L
uf]ljGb ;xgL
/f}tx6s]
rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] rf/uf] jf8{s] v'nf lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff s/]s] t}of/L rn/xn xP
. hg;]jf g]kfn gfds u}/;xsf/L ;+:yfåf/f Knfg OG6/g]zgn g]kfns] ;xof]u cf ljleGg
j8f ;ldlts] ;fy] lejf;l;l;s] ;dGjod] rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] jf8{ gDa/ !, @, $ cf
!)s] v'nf lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff s/]s] t}of/L rn/xn xP . v'nf lb;fd'St s/]s] n]n ax't
k"jf{wf/s] t}of/L xf]r'sn cf clGtd t}of/L rn/xnf;] cfufdL tLg dlxgfs] leQ/
v'nf lb;fd'St s/]s] t}of/L rn/xn hg;]jf g]kfns] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs efUogf/fo0f
dxtf] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
s6xl/of k'nk/ r9]afnf /f:tf xL aGb xf]Ps] cj:yfd]
k|sfz
>]i7÷s6x/Lof
/f}tx6s]
kf+r gDa/ If]qs] k|d'v Jofkfl/s s]Gb|s] ?kd] /xn s6xl/of ahf/;] kl5dcf]/ hfPs]
n]n nfn as}of gbLd] agn k'ns] pkof]us] cj:yf ca ;dfKt xf]Pnfun xP . k'ns] kf;
agn sNe6{s] /f:tf gbL; s6fg xf]/xnfs] rnt] rf/rs] uf8L cfa]hfPs] /f:tf aGb e]n
xP . kKk' sG:6«S;gåf/f sNe6{ ndg gof+ df6L wPnf;] pk/Ls] sfbf] sfbf] e]n cf
gbLåf/f s6fg eL xf]/xnf;] df]l:sn;] df]6/;fOsn cfjthfjt s//xnf;] ;DalGwt
lgsfos] Wofg ;dok/ xL hfPs] :yfgLoaf;L cfu|x sPn] xP . lhnfs] Puf] rlr{t ahf/s]
?kd] /xn s6xl/ofd] kl5d;] bh{gf]+ uf+cf]s] nf]u cfjfhfxL s/n] du/ k'n agnfs]
afb eL cf;fgL;] nf]us] cfjfhfxL s/]s] cj:yf g/xnf;] :yfgLoaf;L lrGtf JoSt sPn]
xP .
dw]; aGb;] lhnfs] hghLjg agn xP k'/]
k|efljt
uf]ljGb
;xgL
dw];
aGbs] rnt] lhnfs] hghLjg k'/] k|efljt agn xP . dw];jfbL bnåf/f ;+ljwfgs]
d:of}bfd] rf/ bn sPn] l;df+sgs] lj/f]wd] dw];jfbL bnåf/f sPnu]n clglZrtsfnLg
dw]; aGbs] rnt] /f}tx6s] ;eL ahf/ k"0f{ ?k;] aGb /xn xP . aGbstf{ nf]u
;b/d'sfd uf}/s] clwsf+z ;/sf/L sfof{nos] aGb s/Pn] xP . aGbs] ;dod] s]gx'
sf}gf] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;+rfngd] gcfPn xP . ;fOsn cf df]6/;fOsnafx]s bf];/
;af/Ls] ;fwg nueu aGbs] cj:yfd] b]vnu]n xP . bf];/f lbg rn]afnf l/S;f, 6f+uf cf
6]Dkf] eL ax't sd rnOt b]vnu]n xP . lhnfs] uf}/, s6xl/of, u?8f, lzjgu/,
dfwf]k'/, lkk/f, ;dgk'/nufots] ahf/ eL k"/] aGb /xn xP . hux huxk/ zflGtk"0f{
k|bz{g eL e]n xP . 6fo/ af/s] k|bz{gsf/L ljleGg gf/f eL nuPn] xP . PxL qmdd]
u?8fd] eL aGbstf{ nf]u ;befjgf kf6L{s] :yfgLo h'wf? g]tf /fhs'df/ bf;s]
g]t[Tjd] ;8ss] k"/] /f]ss] hfd sPn] xP . dw];jfbL ljleGg bns] sfo{stf{
u?8fd] aGb ;kmn s/fa]d] nfun /x] . PxL ;DaGwd] ;befjgf kf6L{s] /fhs'df/ bf; cf
;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] n8fO /fo;] xdgL aftlrt sPn] 5L . k|:t't xP
aftlrts] vf; c+z
M....................................................................................................................................
d'lSt cfGbf]ngd] ;xefuL xf]Ps] n]n k6]ns]
cfu|x
alHhsf Go"h 8]:s
;+3Lo
dw];L df]rf{s] g]tf tyf g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lzj k6]n clwsf/
k|flKts] n]n xf]/xn dw];s] d'lSt cfGbf]ngd] ;xefuL xf]Ps] n]n ;eL;] cfu|x sPn]
5t . jL/u+hs] 3G6f3/d] cfof]lht sf]f0;efs] ;dy{g s/Ot d'lSt cfGbf]ng;] dw];L cf
dw];s] clwsf/ ;DkGg agfPn hf;s]s] atPng\ . ceL g t seL g hO;g s/f] ls d/f]s]
cj:yf cPnf;] ;Dk"0f{ dw];L hgtfs] d'lSt cfGbf]ngd] ckg ;xeflutf hgfa]s]
n]n cfu|x sPn] 5t . ljleGg lsl;d;] cfGbf]ngk|lt gful/ss] ;dy{g s/]nf cf
cfGbf]ngd] ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfa]nf ;eL;] cfu|x s/Ot cGo ljleGg bns] g]tfnf]u eL
;j{;fwf/0fs] d'lSt;] ;DalGwt cfGbf]ng xf]Pnf;] sf}gf]s] sxgfds] lk5] gnfus]
cfGbf]ngd] ;xof]u s/gfO xL ckg st{Jo dfg]s] cfu|x sPn] 5t .
/f}tx6d] cnu cnu hux;] b"hg]s] nfz e]n xP a/fdb
uf]ljGb ;xgL÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] cnu cnu hux;] b" hg]s] nfz
a/fdb e]n xP . lhnfd] cnu cnu ldnn b'g' nf; k'?8ifs] /xn k'ln; hgPn] xP . lhnfs] nf}sfxf cf s6xl/ofd] nf; a/fdb e]n xP
. nf}sfxf uflj;s] jf8{ gDa/ & s] wfg v]t;] %* al/;s] df]nflhd ldof+s] nf;
a/fdb e]n xP . nf}sfxf ahf/k/ cTolws bf? lks] 3/] nf}6]s] qmdd] wfgs] cf/Lk/;]
lu/s] ldof+s] d[To' e]n xP . /ftd] bf? lks] ahf/k/;] 3/]s] cf]/ rnn ldof+ 3/]
k'u] gk'unfk/ kl/jf/hg vf]hL sPn] /x] . cf]xL qmdd] /fts] !! ah] wfgs] v]td]
d[t cj:yfd] ldof+ ldnn /x] . cO;xL s6xl/of uflj;s] jf8{ gDa/ @ l:yt nfnas}of
gbLs] k'ns] lgr] cGbfhL @% al/;s] nf; ldnn xP . k'ns] lgrfd] nfn b]vnfk/ :yfgLo
k'ln;s] va/ sPn] /x] . d[tss] kxrfg xf]P g;sn lhnf k|x/L sfof{no /f}tx6s] l8P;lk
;'wL//fh zfxL hfgsf/L s/Pn 5t .
u?8f gu/kflnsfd] Pdfn]s] j8f ;ldlt u7g
Zofd gGbg ;xgL÷u?8f
g]skf Pdfn]s] u?8f gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !)
d] j8f sldl6 u7g uPnu]n xP . dnfxL uflj;s] u?8f gu/kflnsfd] ljno xf]Pnfs] afb
dnfxLd] klxna]/ Pdfn]s] j8f ;ldlt u7g e]n xP . Pdfn]s] /f}tx6 lhnf ;x;lrj z]v
slnd'Nnfxs] k|d'v cfltYo cf uf+cf] ;ldlt cWoIf Zofd gGbg ;xgLs] cWoIftfd] e]n
kf6L{ sfo{stf{ ;as] e]nf;] ;'vn ;xgLs] cWoIftfd] !% ;b:oLo j8f ;ldlt u7g sPnu]n
xP . j8f ;ldlts] pkfWoIfd] cf; dxDdb, ;lrjd] elj5g ;xgL, ;x;lrjd] kfgklt b]jL
;xgL cf ;b:od] Hof]lts ;xgLnufots] nf]u /xn If]q gDa/ $ s] If]qLo pkfWoIf Zofd
gGbg ;xgL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
rGb|k'/ Onfsf
k|x/L sfof{nos] k|d'vd] ofbj e]ng xflh/
alhsf Go"h 8]:s
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no rGb|k'/s] k|d'vd]
dgf]h ofbj xflh/ e]n 5t . lhnfs] pQ/L e]ud] /xn Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nos] l8Plk
g]qdl0f lu/Ls] ;?jf xf]Pnfk/ lu/Ls] huxk/ gof+ l8P;lks] ?kd] ofbj xflh/ e]n 5t
. cfh' d+unjf/s] cKkg sfo{ef/ ;Dxf/n] va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
wd{k'/d] dlxnfs] dlxnfs] z+sf:kb d[To'
uf]ljGb ;xgL÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] wd{k'/ uflj;d] Pshg] dlxnfs]
z+sf:kb d[To' e]n xP . wd{k'/ uflj; jf8{ gDa/ ( ksfxf 6f]nfd] Pshg] dlxnfs]
z+sf:kb d[To' e]n xP . ksfxfs] #) al/;s] /]vf b]jL /xn cf lghs] ckgf 3/s]
a/G8fd] xL z+sf:kb d[To' e]n xP . kf]:6df6{ds] afb d[tss] nf;s] uf]kL /fo ofbj
a'emn] cf 36gfs] ljifod] yk cg';Gwfg xf]/xn
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] OG:k]S6/ ;Gt'nfn k|;fb h}:af/ hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t .
dw];jfbLs] aGb;] /f}tx6s] hghLjg e]n k|efljt
;+o'St dw]zL df]rf{åf/f l;df+sgs] la/f]w
s/Ot cfJxfg sPn] aGbs] rf}ysf lbg /f}tx6 lhnfd] k'0f{ k|efj k/n xP . aGb
cfJxfgs] sf/0f lhnf ;b/d'sfd uf}/, u?8f, rGb|k'/, s6x/Lof nufots] ahf/ k|efljt
e]n xP . lhnfs] ;eL a8sf pBf]us] ;fy] snsf/vfgf aGb /xn xP . lhnf;] afx/
hfPafnf ;eL ;jf/L;fwg aGb xP . lhnfs] ljleGg huxk/ cfGbf]nsf/L k|bz{g eL sPn]
xP . ;b/d'sfd uf}/d] k|bz{gsf/L nf]u ;8s hfd ss] 6fo/ af/Ot k|bz{g sPn] xP . k|bz{gsf/L nf]u uf}/d] df]6/;fOlsn h'n';
eL lgsfnn] xP . t'ngfTds ?k;] u?8fd] aGbs] k|efj sd b]vnu]n . u?8f ahf/ k/nfs]
lbg xf]Pnf;] aGbs] k|efj sd b]vnu]n s'5 nf]us] sxgfd xP . dfu k"/f
gxf]Pnfts aGb cf k|bz{g hf/L /x]s] cfGbf]nsf/L ;a hgPn] s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz
>]i7 hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
aGb;] af/fd] 6f+ufafnf e]n dfnfdfn
;+o'St nf]stflGqs dw];L dfrf{åf/f sPnu]n
clglZrtsfnLg aGbs] k|efj af/fd] eL k/n xP . af/fs] ;eL k|d'v ahf/ d+unjf/ eL
aGb /xn xP . hux huxk/ 6fo/ af/s] k|bz{g sPnf;] lhnfd] sf}gf] ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Ls]
;fwg k"0f{ ?k;] 7k /xn xP . ;jf/L ;fwgs] grnnf;] :s'n ;a eL k|efljt agn xP
. aGbs] ;dod] ;af/L ;fwgs] grnnf;] 6f+Uff cf l/S;fafnf nf]u lgdg;] sdfO s//xn
b]vnu]n xP . 6f+uf cf l/S;fafnf nf]u ;fwf/0f ;do;] t]a/ cf rf}a/ts ef8f c;'n
/xnf;] ;j{;fwf/0f dsf{d] k/n xP . 6f+uf;] xL sn}of cf aL/u+hs] ;fy] jL/u+h
l;d/f cf cGo huxk/ hfPs] afWotf xf]Pnf;] 6f+uf cf l/S;fafnf nf]u ax't lgdg sdfO
s//xn b]vnu]n xP . df}sfs] kmPbf p7aOt sf}gf] hux bz u'0ffts eL k};f c;'n
s//xnf;] 6f+ufafnf nf]u lbgs] xL bz xhf/ ?k}ofts sdfO s//xn b]vnu]n xP .
jL/u+hs] k|tLs b}lgs cfh';] tL;df jif{d] sPn] xP k|j]z
jL/u+hs] k|tLs b}lgs efbf] ! ut];] tL;df
al/;d] k|j]z sPn] xP . pGtL; al/;] lg/Gt/ k|sfzg xf]/xn jL/u++hs] k|tLs b}lgs
gf/fo0fL c+rnd] ;eL;] a];L k|sflzt xf]Pafnf b}lgs klqsf /xn xP . s ju{d]
k/]afnf k|tLs b}lgs pGtL;df jif{uf+7 cf tL;df jif{ k|j]z Puf] sfo{qmd ss]
sfof{nod] dgPn] xP . k|tLss] k|wfg ;Dkfbs hubLz k|;fb zdf{s] cWoIftfd] e]n
sfo{qmdd] /Stfbfg sfo{qmds] cfof]hg sPnu]n . cO;xL ;'af]w :d[lt kmf]6f]
kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ kmf]6f] kqsf/ k|0fos'df/ ;fxs] k|bfg sPnu]n xP . kGb|x xhf/
gub ?k}of cf k|df0fkq ;lxts] ;'af]w :d[lt kmf]6f] kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ k|fKt sPnfk/
ckgfs] ax't] v';L nfun ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . @)^% ;fn;] k|bfg xf]t] cfPn
k'/:sf/;] gf/fo0fL c+rnd] lg/Gt/ sfo{/t kmf]6f] kqsf/ ;a k'/:s[t xf]t] cfPn xP
.
d]nf zflGtk"0f{ nufa]nf b" kIfaLr e]n ;Demf}tf
/f}tx6s] hf]sfxf uflj;s] l3p/f 6f]nfd]
gfukGrdLs] cj;/k/ nut] cf/xn dxflj/L emG8fs] ljifod] lxGb' cf d'l:nd ;d'bfoaLr
zflGtk"0f{ ;Demf}tf ;DkGg e]n xP . emG8fs] cj;/k/ lgsn]afnf hfqfs] ljifod]
eL ;xdlt e]n xP . dxflj/L emG8f p7fa]s] hfqf @)$( ;fns] efbf] % ut] e]n
b'g'kIfs] ;Demf}tfs] df]tflas xL ;+rfng s/]s] b'g'kIfd] ;Demf}tf e]n xP . emG8f
n]s] jf8{ gDa/ ^ d] k|j]z s/]s] ;do k'/fgf rngcg';f/ emG8fs] ;fy] $! hg] dfq]
nf7L n]s] ;xefuL xf]Ps] ;xdlt e]n xP . afhf ahfa]s] cf emG8fs] 3'dfa]s] ?6s]
ljifok/ eL ;xdlt agn xP . d]nfs] ef+8]afnf cf czflGt drfa]afnf pk/
sfg'gadf]lhds] sf/afxL xf]Ps] eL b'g' kIfd] ;xdlt e]n xP . ;Demf}tfd] lxGb'
kIf;] gfu]Gb| 7fs'/, jL/nfn ;fx, lqe'jg ;fx, uf}/Lz+s/ k|;fb k6]n, /fh]z s'df/
ho;jfn, glj /fd, ljGb]Zj/ k|;fb dxtf] cf gfu]Gb| b'j] x:tfIf/ sPn] 5t cO;xL
d'l:nd kIf;] z]v df]hDdLn, z]v vflns, z]v v'zd'b, z]v df]hflh/ cfkmfs, /l;b,
z]v hldn cVt/, xfhL ;d;'n xf]bf, z]v ;ljd'Nnfx ;Demf}tfd] x:tfIf/ sPn] va/
k|fKt e]n xP .
:s'n aGb gs/fa]s] n]n OGx'/]8s] cfu|x
cfGbf]ngs] ;dod] eL :s'ns] aGb gs/]s] cfu|x
dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yf OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgn sPn] xP . ljleGg clwsf/ cf klxrfgs] n]n
cfGbf]ng xf]/xn ;dod] dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yf OGx'/]8åf/f afnaflnsfs] k9]s]
clwsf/;] a+lrt gs/]s] n]n cfu|x sPn] xP . afnaflnsfs] k9fOs] clwsf/
dfgjclwsf/s] ljifo /xnfs] rnt] k9fOs] cj/f]w gk'ufa]nf OGx'/]8s] /f}tx6 lhnf
k|ltlglw 6Lsf l3ld/] k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt s/Ot lhnfs] lzIff ax't k5fl8 k/nf;] eL
cfGbf]ngs] ;dod] afnaflnsfs] eljio ;'/lIft s/]s] cfu|x sPn] 5t .
g]skf Pdfn] If]q gDa/ kf+rs] a}7s s6xl/ofd] ;DkGg
g]skf Pdfn] /f}tx6 If]q gDa/ % s] IF]qLo a}7s /f}tx6s] s6xl/ofd] ;DkGg e]n xP .
kf6L{s] If]qLo cWoIf Olb|; l;lwsLs] cWoIftfd] ;DkGg a}7sd] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o sNof0fL
v8\sfs] k|d'v cfltYod] ;DkGg a}7sd] lhnf cWoIf sdn ofbj;lxt :yfgLo sfo{stf{s]
;xeflutf /xn /x] . x/]s uflj;s] clwj]zg ;dok/ xL ;DkGg s/]s] cf kf6L{s] n]n
;b:o ;a;] ;xof]u ;+sng s/]s] lg0f{o sPnu]n If]qLo OGrfh{ /fwfdf]xg ofbj hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
aGb;] gf/fo0fL c+rns]
hghLjg k"0f{ ?k;] e]n xP k|efljt
k|b]z l;df+sgs]
la/f]wd] ;+o'St dw]zL df]rf{ cf a}B dfcf]afbL 4f/f cfJxfg sPnu]n aGbs] gf/fo0fL
c+rngd] k'0f{ k|efj k/n xP . aGbs] qmdd] laleGg lhnfd] ldnfs] cfwf bh{g uf8L
tf]8kmf]8 e]n xP cf kFr hg] cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] k|x/L lgoGq0fd] n]n] xP .
cfGbf]ngsf/L ;a la/u+hs] /fw]dfO rf}sk/ ;'vf aGb/ufxs] af ! u @@^) gDa/s] a;d]
;a]/] tf]8kmf]8 sPn] xP . aGbs] cj1f
sPn] sxOt x]6f}8fs] laleGg :yfgk/ cfGbf]ngsf/L] kFruf] 6«s cf Puf] df]6/;fOsnk/
tf]8kmf]8 sPn] xP . gf%v ^^^$,gf$v$*%*,gf@v@&(,gf#v^%$*cf Prcf/ %%kL cf]
%@$ ef/lto gDa/s] 6«sk/ eL IftL k'uPn] xP .
x]6f}+8f l:yt l;dfrf}sk/ /f]ss] /vn gf!&k@#!(gDa/s] df]6/;fOsnk/
;d]t cfGbf]ngsf/L tf]8kmf]8 sPn] c~rn k|x/L sfof{no la/u+h hgPn] xP . tf]8km]f8
s/]afnf kf+rhg] cfGbf]ngsf/Ls] k'ln; lgoGq0fd] n]n] s6xl/of ;xsdL{ k|sfz
>]i7 hgPn] 5t . /f}tx6s] ;eL hux aGb zflGtk"0f{ /xn xP . lhnfs]
rGb|k'/, u?8f, s6xl/of, ;dgk'/, lzjgu/, uf}/nufot ;eL huxk/ aGb zflGtk"0f{
/xn va/ k|fKt e]n xP . ;eL hux k|bz{gsf/L ;as] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /xn cf aGbs]
qmdd] lhnfd] sf}gf] 36gf g36n va/ xP .
c0f'jf gbLd] 8'as] Pshg] afnss] d[To'
/f}tx6s] ;Gtk'/ bf]l:tof jf8{ gDa/ ! /fdbf;L
6f]nfd] gbLd] 8'as] Puf] afnss] d[To' e]n xP . zlgjf/s] lbg ;lemofk/ gxfP u]n
nng k|;fb snjf/s] $ al/;s] a]6f /f]lxt k|;fb snjf/s] kfgLd] 8'a]s] d[To' e]n xP
. d[ts afnss] nf;s] kf]:6df6{d sPnfs] afb cleefjss] lhdf b]nu]n Onfsf k|x/L
sfof{no u?8f hgPn] xP .
k|hftflGqs of]4f l;+xs] d[To'
g]kfnL sf+u|];s] kf6L{d] ;lqmo /xs] k|hftflGqs
cfGbf]ngd] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ufa]afnf Pshg] of]4fs] d[To' e]n xP .
/f}tx6s] lj>fdk'/ lgjf;L k|hftflGqs g]tf b]jsL gGbg l;+xs] &% jif{d]
pd/d] d[To' e]n xP . b]zd] k|hftGq n]cfa]s] n]n cfGbf]ngd] nfun cf cf]xL qmdd]
b" a]/ h]n hLjg ;d]t latPn] g]tf l;+xs] kfly{j z/L/k/ g]kfnL sf+u|];s]
dxf;ldlt ;b:o b]jk|;fb ltdlN;gf, s[lif >lds ;+3 /f}tx6s] ;efklt k|]dz+s/
ofbjnufots] nf]u kf6L{s] emG8f cf]9fs] clGtd ljbfO sPn] 5t .
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] h+und] cj}w l;sf/
v]n]u]n o'jss] e?jf aGb'ss] 5f/f nunfk/ lrtjgd] pkrf/ xf]/xn cj:yfd] d[To' e]n
xP . /f}tx6s] rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !$s] ;'/h las ;lxt rf/ hg] o'js
zlgjf/s] /ftd] h+und] cj}w l;sf/ v]n] u]n /x] . rf/hg] l;sf/ v]n] u]n cj:yfd]
Pshg] aGb'ss] 5f/f;] 3fPn xf]Pnfk/ e/tk'/l:yt lrtjg d]l8sn sn]hd] pkrf/s] n]n
egf{ e]n /x] . 3fPn ljss] pkrf/s] qmdd] k'ln;åf/f cg';Gwfg sPnu]nfk/ /f}tx6
k'ln; tLg hg]s] kqmfp Ptaf/s] kqmfp sPn] /x] . vf]htnf;s] qmdd] Ptaf/s] xL
emf]+vLd];] k'ln; e?jf aGb's eL a/fdb sPn] /x] . d+unaf/s] lbg ;a]/] @ ah]
/ftd] xL ljss] c:ktfnd] d[To' xf]Pnf;] ljss] 3/d] ?jfaf;L e]n xP . kqmfp k/n
tLy{ nfdf, gjLg vqL cf /fh' nfdfpk/ k'ln; sf/afxLs] k|lqmof cufl8 a9Pn] cf cj}w
xftxltof/nufots] ljleGg d'bf rnfa]s] t}of/L xf]/xn lhnf k|x/L sfof{no /f}tx6s]
l8P;lk ;'wL//fh zfxLs] xjfnf b]Ot /f}tx6 Go'h va/ k|sflzt sPn] xP .
aflnsfs] ha/b:tL s/0fL s/]afnf afns kqmfp
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
aflnsfs] ha/b:tL s/0fL s/]afnf
afnss] k'ln; kqmfp sPn] xP . /f}tx6s] ktf}/f uflj; jf8{ gDa/ ^ df}nfk'/s] /fw]
k6]ns] p+vd] ut ;fjg !% ut] Puf] !) al/;s] aflnsfs] ;fy] ha/b:tL s/0fL s/]afnf
afnss] k'ln; d+unaf/ ;a]/] kqmfp sPn] xP . ha/b:tL s/0fL s/]afnf ktf}/f uflj;
jf8{ gDa/ ^ df}nfk'/s] b]j/fh /fpts] sl/a !$ al/;s] n8sf /fw]Zofd /fpt /xn u?8f
k'ln; hgPn] xP . cleo'St /fpts] a;Gtkl6 uflj;l:yt gfx/s] lsgf/;] kqmfp sPn]
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] OG:k]S6/ ;Gt'nfn k|;fb h}:af/ atPn] 5t . kqmfp k/n
cleo'Sts] ;+rf/sdL{s] ;fdg] ;fj{hlgs s/Ot OG:k]S6/ h}:af/ cfjZos cg';Gwfg cufl8
a9fjnu]n atPn] 5t . ha/b:tL s/0fLs] l;sf/ e]n aflnsfs] pkrf/ jL/u+hl:yt g]zgn
d]l8sn sn]h lzIf0f c:ktfnd] xf]/xn k'ln;s] sxgfd xP .
wfgs] Ps xhf/ c+l6of sPns gi6
;+ho ld>f÷s6x/Lof
lhNnfs] sf]kjf lkk/Lof uflj;
j8f g $ s] hulbz /fo ofbjs] !@ s7f v]t /f]kfPafnf wfgs] lacf c1ft ;d'x sf6s] gi6
sPn] k|x/L hgPn] xP . sl/a !@ s7f v]t /f]kfPafnf t}of/ /xn cf pvf/s] /fvn wfgs]
c+l6of lv;;] sf}gf] sf6s] gi6 sPn] k'ln;s] ;+vf /xn xP . ;+vfs] cfwf/k/
rf/hg]s] cleo'St agfs] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no sf]kjf lkkl/ofd] ph'/L btf{ s/Pn]
kLl8t hgPn] kqsf/ ;+ho ld> ljb|f]xL hgPn] 5t .
dw];L df]rf{ ;'? sPns dw]z hghfu/0f cleofg
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
;+o'tm dw]zL df]rf{åf/f d+unjf/
/f}tx6 lhnfs] If]q g ! d] dw]z hghfu/0f cleofg ;rfng sPn] xP . ;befjgf o'jf d+rs]
/fli6«o cWoIf zDe' ;'lk|d, ;befjgf kf6L{s] lhnf cWoIf z]if hd;}b, tdnf]kfs] lhnf
cWoIf afa'nfn ;fx, ;l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] s]lGb|o ;b:o aag l;x, lhNnf
cWoIf /fd lgjf; ofbj nufot ;os8f] sfo{stf{\;lxts] 6f]nL If]q g ! s] ;b/d'sfd
uf}/, ;ju9f, em'Gv'gjf, xhldgLof, ;?c7f, /fhk'/ t'n;L, h]7/lxof, uuflkk/f
nufots] uflj;d] dw]z hghfu/0f cleofgs] qmddf gf/f h'n';;lxt k|rf/k|;f/ sPnu]n tdnf]kfs]
lhnf cWoIf afa' nfn ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
sd{rf/Lpk/ xfykft s/]afnfpk/ ;fj{hlgs d'bf
/fhs/0f ofbj÷s6x/Lof
g]kfn ;/sf/s] Pshg] sd{rf/Lpk/
sfof{no sIfd] xL xfykft s/]afnf pk/ /f}tx6 k|x/L ;fj{hlgs d'bf btf{ ss] sfo{jfxL
k|s[of cufl8 a9fanu]n xP . g]kfn law't
k|flws/0f lhnf zfvf sfof{no uf}/s] lat/0f zfvfs] x]Nk/ /flhj lz+xpk/ sfof{no
;dod] d+unaf/ b'kxl/ofd] xfykft s/]afnf g/sl6of ^ df]tLk'/s] /fd g/]; k6]npk/ ;fj{hlgs
ck/fw P]gcGtu{t d'bf btf{ sPnu]n xP . k6]n lhnf k|x/L sfof{no uf}/s] lx/f;td]
/xn cf sf/afxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fanu]n k|x/L lg/LIfs /fd k|sfz rf}w/Ls] xjfnf
b]Ot kqsf/ ;+ho ld> ljb|f]xL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
;z:q sPns 5aL; xhf/s] sk8f kqmfp
/fh]Zj/
kfG8]
/f}tx6s]
b]afxLd] /xn ;z:q k|x/L a];s] k|x/L 5aL; xhf/s] sk8f kqmfp ss] eG;f/ a'emPn] xP
. eG;f/ 5ns] g]kfn sk8f n]cfPn cf u?8fs] cf]/ n]cf/xn uf]Ko hfgsf/L k|fKt
xf]Pnfk/ b]jfxLs] OG:k]S6/ sdn yfdLs] g]t[Tjd] u:tLd] v6n 6f]nL lk|G6 sk8f
b" ;o ;f7 ld6/, ;fbf sk8f Ps ;o c;L ld6/, n]l8h ;'6 !@ yfg kqmfp k/n xP .
kqmfp k/n ;eL sk8fs] d"No 5aL; xhf/ b" ;o /xn va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
/fdfo0fs] n]vs 8f= c?0fs] s[lts] nf]sfk{0f
/fhs/0f
ofbj
ef/ts]
ljZjk|l;4 ;flxTosf/ k|f= 8f= cjw]Zj/ c?0fs] gof+ s[lts] g]kfnL 6f]nLåf/f
nf]sfk{0f sPnu]n xP . alHhsf efiffd] /fdfo0fs] ;d]t n]vs /xn ljlzi6 ;flxTosf/
8f= c?0fs] gof+ sfJos[lt uG8sd] p7n
lxnf]/s] alHhsf ofqfk/ u]n g]kfnL 6f]nLåf/f nf]sfk{0f sPnu]n xP . cf] cj;/k/
8f= c?0f ckgf s[lts] cO;g clåtLo nf]sfk{0fs] ;+of]u ldnnf;] ckg] ax't v';L e]n
atPng\ . s[lts] nf]sfk{0fs] cj;/k/ b" zAb /vOt 8f= c?0f g]kfnL cf ef/tLo
alHhsf ;flxTosf/s] ;DaGw ;]t's] ?kd] s[lt nf]sfk{0f sfo{qmd /xn atPng\ . O{
va/s] lxGb':tfg b}lgss] d'hkm/k'/ ;+:s/0fd] eL k|sflzt /xn xP .
8]/f ;Rrf ;f}bfåf/f sPnu]n ;xof]u
alHhsf
va/ 8]S;
/f}tx6s]
u?8f gu/kflnsfl:yt emf+emk'ns] ghbLsd] /xn 8]/f ;Rrf ;f}bfåf/f Pshg] ul/as] Ps
dlxgfs] n]n v/rf pknAw s/fanu]n xP . u?8f gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ ( u]8xLu'7Ls]
ckf+u laug ;xgLs] cfly{s l:ylt cToGt sdhf]/ xf]Pnf;] hLjg af+r]s] n]n Ps
dlxgfs] v/rf pknAw s/fanu]n xP . ;+:yfs] cf]/;] rfp/, bfn, t]n, d/d;fnf ;lxts]
;fdu|L pknAw s/fanu]n 8]/f ;Rrf ;f}bfs]
sfo{stf{ /fdc>] OG;f+ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
ca}w l;sf/ s/]u]n rf/hg]d] Pshg] 3fPn
tLghg] k/n k'ln;s] kmGbfd]
alHhsf va/ 8]S;
h+und] l;sf/ v]n]u]n /f}tx6s]
Pshg] aGb'ss] uf]nL;] 3fPn e]n xP . /f}tx6s] rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !$s]
rf/hg] o'js zlgjf/s] /ftd] l;sf/ v]n] rfgL gbLs] h+und] u]n cf l;sf/ cfPn sxOt
e?jf aGb's;] df/nf;] Pshg] l;sf/Ls] xL uf]nL nfun /x] . e?jf aGb'ss] 5f/f;] @!
al/;s] ;'/h s'df/ las uDeL/ 3fPn e]n lhnf k|x/L hgPn] xP . 3fOt] ljss] pkrf/s] n]n /ftd] xL lrtjg d]l8sn
sn]hd] n]u]n cf d]l8sn sn]hd] l8p6Ld] /xn k'ln; k'5tf5 sPnfk/ e?jf aGb'ss]
uf]nL nfun :ki6 xf]Pnfk/ l;sf/L nf]us] vf]h sPnu]n /x] . k'ln;åf/f vf]htnf;
sPnu]nfk/ h+unemf/d] e?jf aGb's eL ldnn xP . l;sf/ s/]u]n o'jss] cg';Gwfg s/Ot
u]nfk/ @# al/;s] tLy{ nfdf, @@ al/;s] gjLg vqL cf !* al/;s] /fh' nfdfs] k'ln;
lgoGq0fd] n]n] xP . ca}w?k;] l;sf/ s/] u]n ljss] xfy, skf/nufot z/L/s] ljleGg
efud] uf]nLs] 5f/f nfun lhnf k|x/L sfof{no /f}tx6s] l8P;lk ;'wL/ /fh zfxL
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
sf/ b'3{6gfd] k/s] b' hgfs] e]n xP d[To"
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
k"j{
klZrd /fhdfu{ cGt/ut /f}tx6 lhnfs] rGb|lgufxk'/d] sf/ b'3{6gf xf]Pnf;] b' ghfs]
d[To" e]n xP cf ^ hgf 3fon e]n xP . af ^ r ()!@ gDa/s] sf/ lta| ults]
sf/0f nRsfd] b'3{6gf e]n /x] . b'3{6gfd] ;nf{xL /flgu!rs] lrqaxfb'/ du/ cf
nfnaGbL @ s] dgf]h uf]n]s] d[To' e]n xP . b'3{6gf uDeL/ 3fOt] e]n ch{'g nfdf
aL/uGh l/km/ sPn u]n /x] . kf+r hgfs] pkrf/ rGb|lgufxk'/d] xf]/xn k|x/L hfgsf/L
s/Pn] xP .
dlxnf d}qL lx/f;t sIf e]n pb3f6g
alHhsf va/ 8]S;
lhnf
k|x/L sfo{fno /f}tx6d] klxnsfa]/ lgdf{0f e]n dlxnf d}qL lx/f;t sIf z's/s] lbg
Ps sfo{qmd ljr pb3f6g e]n xP. k|x/L sfo{fno kl/;/d] lgdf0f{ e]n dlxnf tyf k'?if
lx/f;t sIf tTsflng k|x/L pk/LIfs ;fg'afa' yklnof pb3f6g sPn] /xng . /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/ cof]us] 6f]nL lg/LIf0fs] qmdd] dlxnf y'g'jf /fv]jfnf lx/f;t sIf lgdf0f{ s/]s] n]n bjfj b]nfs] jfb
pk/LIfs yklnof ;'ljwf ;DkGg lx/f;t sIf lgd0f{g
s/jPn] /xng . lhnf ljsf; ;ldlt, uf}/ gu/kflnsf sfo{fno, lhnf vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfo{fno, gful/s ;dfh / k|x/Ls] ;xof]ud] ejgs] lgdf0f{ sfd ;dkGg
e]n xP . dlxngf y'g'jf cf k'?if y'g'jf /x]jfnf
cun cun zf}rfno ;lxts] sf]7f /xn cf y'g'jf;] cfbdL;as] e]6]s] n]n le
Joj:yf sPn u]n xP. ;fy] 6]lnkmf]g ;lxts] ;'ljwf pknAw /xn pk/LIfs yklnof
hfgsf/L b]n] /xng . pb3f6gs] qmdd] yklnof sxng oL Pltxfl;s ;'ljwf ;DkGg y'g'jf
sIf ejg lgdf{0fd] ;xof]u s/]jfnf /f}tx6jf;L;a s] wGojfb 1fkg sPn] /xng .
k|x/L4f/f !% nfvs] ef/tLo
sk8f a/fdb
Zofd u'Ktf, af/f
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no l;d/f ,
af/f sl/a !% nfv ?k}ofF d"No a/fa/s] ca}w ef/tLo sk8f a/fdb sPn] xP . ;'/fsL
;] ldnn ;'rgfs] cfwf/d] k|x/L 6f]nL la/u+h;] sf7df08f}+ , kf]v/f cf gf/fo0f3f6s]
hfojfnf ofq' afxs /fqL a;;ad] lgoldt r]shfFr sPnf jf/ a;s] l8sLd];] pQm sk8f;a
a/fdb e]n xP . a/fdb e]n ef/tLo s'tf{ , ;'/jfn , ;f8L , tGbf , ;n cf laleGg
k|sf/s] yfg sk8f;a eG;f/ gs6fs] a;s] l8lsd] n'sfs] t:s/L s s] n]cfPn cj:yfd]
ks/n]] k|x/L atPn] xP . ljleGg kjlg ltxf/ cfj]s] qmdd] /xnf;] kf]sfd] sf/f]jf/
s/]jfnf t:s/ ;a a9Ot b]vn u]n cf rf]/L t:s/L s/]jfnf;as] ;+Vof a9Ot u]nfs] rNt]
r]srfFhs] lg/Gt/tf b]n] k|x/L s] sxgfd /xn xP . a/fdb e]n sk8f;as] d'r'Nsf p7fs] yk cg';Gwfgs]
n]n dWodf~rn /fhZjf cg';Gwfg sfo{nfo kyn}of a'emPn] Onfsf k|x/L sfo{nfo l;d/fs]
k|x/L lg/LIfs k'?;f]td ;8\sf atPn] 5t . lj/u+h;] ljleGg :yfgs] n]n rn]jfnf
;jf/L ;fwg hO;] /fqLa; ;ad] lj/u+hs] u08s, af/fs] k/jfgLk/ cf af/fs] lhtk'/d] ;jf/L r]shfFr cf hfFrkf; s/fs]
cfPn x/} . t:s/Ld] ;+nUg ;le dsjfgk', x]6f}+8fs] dlxnf;a /xn k|x/L hfgsf/L
s/Pn] xP .
If]q gDa/ rf/s] ljsf;s] n]n s/f]8f]+s] ah]6 ljlgof]lht
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
/f}tx6 If]q gDa/ rf/s] ljsf;s]
n]n g]kfn ;/sf/s] t/km;] s/f]8f]s] ah]6 ljlgof]lht e]n xP . ljleGg u|fdL0f
;8ss] ljsf;s] n]n rfn" cfly{s jif{d] ah]6 ljlgof]lht e]n va/ k|fKt e]n xP
. u?8f;] ;dgk'/ hfPafnf ;8ss] n]n # s/f]8 ^) nfvs] 6]G8/ cfXjfg sPnu]n xP .
cO;xL u?8f;] jL/gu/f /f]8s] n]n @* nfv, jl/of/k'/;] dfwf]k'/ ;8ss] n]n #^ nfv,
uf}/;] lkk/f xf]Ot ;dgk'/ hfPafnf ;8ss] n]n %@ nfv, uf}/;] ;dgk'/ xf]Ot g'gy/
hfPafnf ;8ss] n]n $@ nfv, ;'sb]j rf}s;] e]nxL ;8ss] n]n @* nfv cf b'lwofef/
lkkl/of ;8ss] n]n @* nfvs] ah]6 ljlgof]lht e]n g]kfnL sf+u|]; /f}tx6s] ;efklt
Pj+ k"j{;ef;b s[i0fk|;fb ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . /f}tx6 If]q gDa/ rf/s] ljsf;s]
n]n ckg] cxf]/fq nfun k"j{;ef;b ofbjs] sxgfd xP .
u?8f s6xl/of ?6d] lhks] ef8fd] clglZrtf
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
u?8f gu/kflnsfs] emf+emk'n;]
s6xl/ofs] ?6d] lhks] ;+rfng xf]Pnf;] ;j{;fwf/0f ofq' nfeflGjt e]n xP .
s6xl/of;] uf}/ ;fj{hlgs a;s] ;fy] hLk eL hf/xnfs] ;fy] k'nk/;] n]s] s6xl/ofts
lgoldt?k;] hLks] cfjfhfxL xf]Pnunf;] ;j{;fwf/0f nfeflGjt e]n xP . s6xl/of;]
u?8f cf u?8f;] s6xl/of cfjfhfxLs] n]n sDtLd] cf7uf] hLk ;+rfngd] /xnf;]
;j{;fwf/0fs] ;'ljwf e]n xP . cfjZostf k/nfk/ t'/Gt] uf8L ldnnf;] nf]us] ax't
cf;fgL xf]/xn xP . cf;fgL;] uf8L ldnnf;] s6xl/of cf u?8fs] b'/L 36n nf]us]
a'emf/xn s6xl/ofaf;Ls] sxgfd xP . ?6d] lg/Gt/ uf8L rn] nunf;] s6xl/of cf u?8f
b'g's] Jofkf/d] ;sf/fTds c;/ k/n xP . du/ uf8Ls] ef8fd] Ps?ktf gxf]Pnf;] ofq's]
k/;fgL eL xf]Ps] ;'? e]n xP . s6xl/of;] u?8f rn]afnf ;fj{hlgs a;d] Ps ofq's]
n]n aL; ?k}of ef8f /xn du/ hLkd] krL;;] tL; ?k}of n]/xn b]vnu]n xP . hLks]
ef8fd] Ps?ktf gxf]Pnf;] ef8fd] Ps?ktf n]cfa]s] n]n ;DalGwt lgsfo;] dfu sPn]
s6xl/of;] /fhs/0f ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
gfx/d] kfgLs] dfu s/Ot ls;fg ;a cfwf 3G6f sPns rSsfhfd
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
emf+em l;rfO cfof]hgfs] kfgLs]
dfu s/Ot /f}tx6s] ;'sb]j rf}sk/ :yfgLo ls;fgnf]åf/f sl/a cfwf 3G6f rSsfhfd
sPnu]n . emf+em l;+rfOs] kfgL dxDdbk'/s] ;fy] kf]l7ofxLts xL ;Lldt xf]s]
/xu]nf;] gfx/d] kfgLs] dfu s/Ot e]nxL, h]7/lxof nufots] uf+cf]s] ls;fg ;'sb]j
rf}sk/ lakm]s] b'kxl/ofd] sl/a cfwf 3G6f rSsf hfd sPn] /x] . ls;fg ;aåf/f
rSsfhfd sPnu]nfk/ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] k|x/L lg/LIfs ;Gt'nfn k|;fb
h}:af/s] g]t[Tjd] u]n k|x/Ls] 6f]nL hO;] eL ckg] /xs] xL ;DalGwt nf]u;] aft
s/]s] cf kfgL b]afa]s] cfZjf;g b]nfk/ ls;fgnf]u rSsfhfd vf]nn] /x] . s'5 ls;fg
gfx/s] xL afGxs] kfgLs] /f]sn] cf ckgf v]tcf]/ dfq] kfgLs] k|of]u sPnf;]
blvgcf]/ kfgL gu]nf;] /f]kgL s/]nf ls;fgs] lrGtf a9n xP . kfgL cfa]s] ;Defjgf
g/xnf;] lrlGtt ls;fg rSsfhfd sPn] :yfgLo Pshg] ls;fg hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP .
lgz'Ns cf+v pkrf/ lzlj/ ;DkGg
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
/f}tx6s] s6xl/ofd] lgz'Ns cf+v
pkrf/ lzlj/ ;DkGg e]n xP . u|fdL0f ljsf; g]kfn s6xl/ofs] cfof]hgfd] lgz'Ns cf+v
pkrf/ lzlj/ hgtf pRr dfWolds ljBfnos] k|f+u0fd] ;DkGg e]n xP . ;b/d'sfd
uf}/l:yt k'/]gjf cf+v c:ktfns] 8f= ljlkg s'df/ ;fxs] g]t[Tjd] cfPn 6f]nL @^&
hg]s] cf+vs] r]shf+r sPn] xP h]d] (& hg]s] cf+vd] df]ltoflaGb' b]vnu]n xP .
df]ltoflaGb' b]vnu]n ;eLs] lgz'Ns ck/]zgs] n]n k'/]gjf cf+v c:ktfn kx'rfanu]n
xP . cf+v pkrf/ lzlj/d] s6xl/of ahf/s] o'jfnf]u ;xhLs/0f sPn] s6xl/of ;xsdL{ va/
k|]lift sPn] 5t .
/f}tx6s] af]l8{ªd] a9/xn xP l;l;l6eLs] k|of]u
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
/f}tx6s] ljleGg af]l8{ª :s'nd]
l;l;l6eLs] k|of]u a9/xn b]vnu]n xP . pQ/L If]qs] tLguf] af]l8{ªd] ceLts
l;l;l6eLs] k|of]u sPnu]n xP . rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] gd'gf O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'n cf
d"g nfO6 O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'ns] ;fy] afnrgk'/d] ;+rflnt Pe/lu|g O+lUn;
af]l8{ª :s'nd] eL l;l;l6eL h8fg sPnu]n xP . l;l;l6eLs] h8fg xf]Pnf;] ljBfyL{s]
sIffleQ/s] ultljlws] sfof{nod] /xs] xL cjnf]sg s/]d] cf;fgL e]n cf ljBfyL{s]
k9fOd] eL ;xof]u k'u/xn xP . lzIfs cf ljBfyL{ b'g's] cg'zfl;t s/]s] ;fy]
lzIfss] sIffd] g/xnfk/ eL ljBfyL{s] b]nu]n sIFfsfo{ s/fa]d] cf k9fOs] u'0f:t/s]
;'wf/ s/]d] ;xof]u k'u/xn Pe/lu|g cfjf;Lo dfWolds ljBfno afnrgk'/s] lk|lG;kn
z+s/ ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . /f}tx6d] lzIffd] eL l;l;l6eLs] k|of]us] gof+
k/LIf0fs] ?kd] k|:t't sPnu]n cf k|f/lDes a'emfOd] l;l;l6eLs] k|of]u;] ljBfyL{,
lzIfs, cleefjs ;eLcf]/ ;sf/fTds ;Gb]zs] k|jfx e]n xP . u'0f:t/Lo lzIffs] xsd]
eL l;l;l6eLs] k|of]u ;'Gb/ sbd xf]Ps] ljZjf; lk|lG;kn ;fxs] /xn afnrgk'/ ;xsdL{
pk]Gb| ld>f hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
k;f{ lhnfs] ;'vfu|:t lhnf dfu s/]s] a9n
dfu
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
jiff{ cToGt sd e]n cf lgdg;]
/f]kgL eL gxf]P ;sn cj:yfd] k;f{s] ls;fg k;f{ lhnfs] ;'Vvfu|:t lhnf 3f]if0ff
s/]s] dfu sPn] xP . g]kfnL sf+u|]; k;f{s] eft[ ;+u7g g]kfn ls;fg ;+3s] a}7s;]
k;f{s] ;'vfu|:t 3f]if0ff s/]s] dfu sPnu]n xP . k;f{ lhnfd] ceLts /f]kgL ge]n,
gbLgfns] kfgL eL ;'vn, j}slNks l;+rfOs] Joj:yf eL ge]n sxOt k;f{ lhnfs]
;'vfu|:t lhnf 3f]if0ff s/]s] dfu s/]s] lg0f{o sPnu]n ;+3s] cWoIf c;kmL{ ;fx
hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . k;f{ lhnfs] ;'vfu|:t lhnf 3f]if0ff s/]s] dfus] k|d'v lhnf
clwsf/Ldfkm{t k|wfgdGqLs] 1fkgkq a'emfa]s] cf k;f{ lhnfd] /xn ls;fgs] ;eL
;+u7gs] P]Soa4 ss] lhnfs] ;'vfu|:t 3f]if0ffs] n]n bafa b]a]s] lg0f{o eL sPnu]n
va/ k|fKt e]n xP .
lacfxs] nf]ed] Ps s/f]8 5cf] nfv ufoa
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
k;f{ lhnfs] Puf] o'jss] Ps
s/f]8 5cf] nfv ?k}of emfkf lhnfs] Puf] o'jtL n] n]n] xP . jL/u+hs] Puf] ndx/
a]kf/Ls] n8sfs] lacfxs] axfgfd] emfkfs] Puf] o'jtL Ps s/f]8;] a];L 7uL sPn] va/
k|sfzd] cfPn xP . jL/u+h d'nL{s] ;'/]z cfons] ;+rfns kl/jf/;] ;DalGwt 36gf /xn
xP . :yfgLo /fdhL l;sl/ofs] @% jif]{ n8sf cfsfz l;sl/ofs] em"7 k|]dhfnd]
km;fs] lacfx s/]s] k|nf]eg b]a]afnf emfkf lhnfs] ch'{gwf/f uflj; jf8{ gDa/ @
:yfoL 3/ xf]s] nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ !$ s] /xlgxf/ @% jif]{ o'l/sf
9sfn bf];/fs] 3/afnL /xn /x:o v'nnf;] rf/ al/;;] rn/xn k|]d wf]vf e]n l;sl/ofs]
dfn'd e]n xP . rf/ al/;;] k|]dhfnd] /xn cf Ps s/f]8;] a];Ls] ;DklQ :jfxf s/aPn]
o'l/sfs] kf+r al/;s] a]6L eL /xn /x:o dfn'd xf]Pnfk/ l;sl/of 3/s] g 3f6s] agn
xP . ckgfk/ cGofo e]n cf o'jtL Ps s/f]8 5cf] nfv ?k}of 7uL sPn] sxOt l;sl/of
lhnf k|x/L sfof{no k;f{d] ph/L b]n] xP . ph/L k/nfk/ lhnf k|x/L sfof{no 36gfs]
cg';Gwfgd] nfun xP . ph/Ls] cfwf/k/ o'l/sfs] afa' lxSdn 9sfn cf efO dlGht
9sfns] k|x/L vf]hL s//xn xP . ckg] cljjflxt /xn sxOt o'l/sf af/af/ l;sl/of;]
/sd dfu sPn] cf o'l/sf xL ckg efjL hLjg;fyL /xn dfgs] o'l/sfs] alxgs] vftfd]
rf/ jif{d] &) nfv #) xhf/ ?k}of k]7Pn] xP . alxgs] vftfd] k};f k]7fanu]
a}+s :6]6d]G6 eL k|x/L lgsfnn] xP . cO;xL #% nfv ^) xhf/ ?k}of gub o'l/sfs]
xftd] b]n] jL/u+hs] l;sl/of k'ln;s] ;xf/fk/ Gofos] vf]hL s//xn xP .
gfx/d] kfgL cPnf;] ;j{;fwf/0f ls;fgd] v';L
;~ho ldq÷u?8f
;fjg lat] nunfk/ eL v]tLs] nfos jiff{ gxf]Pnf;] lrlGtt /f}tx6s]
ls;fgs] k/;fgL gfx/d] kfgL cPnf;] s'5 sd e]n xP . lhnfs] afudtL gfx/d] kfgL
cPnf;] lhnfs] s'5 ls;fgs] k/;fgL sd e]n b]vnu]n xP . lhnfd] dWo cf kl5dL b'g' If]q xf]s]
gfx/ u]n cf pQ/L If]q ;d]t gfx/s] se/]h Pl/ofd] k/nf;] s'5 uflj;s] ls;fgs] v]tL
s/]nf kfgLs] ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]Pn b]vnu]n xP . gfx/L g5'l6cPn] uf+cf]s] ;/]xd] eL
ls;fg ;a kfgLs] ldns] k|of]u s//xn b]vnu]n xP . jiff{ gxf]Pnf;] k/;fg ls;fgs]
v]td] knxfknxL;] kfgL k6fa]s] cf v]tL s/]s] ;fy] ;'v/xn wfgs] /f]kgLd] gof hfg
cfa]s] b]vnu]n xP . gfx/d] kfgLs] cPnf;] ls;fgs] v';L a9n xP . af/Daf/ kfgLs]
dfu sPnfk/ eL ljleGg axfgfd] ls;fgs] v]td] kfgL gkx'r /xn cj:yfd] gfx/d] n]6;]
xL ;xL du/ kfgL cPnf;] ls;fgs] dg s'5 zfGt e]n xP . ;j{;fwf/0f ls;fgs] cfz
gfx/s] kfgL;] a9n afnrgk'/;] xdgLs] ;xsdL{ pk]Gb| ld> hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
/f}tx6d] a9n s]/f v]tL, v]tL;] s'5 ls;fg dfnfdfn
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] nfnas}of cf afudtL If]qs] ls;fgd] s]/fv]tLs] sfd a9Ot
b]vnu]n xP . lhnfs] ljleGg uflj;s] ls;fg s'l5cf] gpah]afnf an'c6 hldgd] s]/f
v]tL ss] dfnfdfn e]n xP . sd nufgLd] a];L gfkmf xf]Pafnf s]/fv]tLs] cf]/ lhnfs]
b" bh{g;] a];L uflj;s] ls;fgnf]u cfslif{t e]n b]vnu]n xP . lhnfs] wd{k'/,
ss{r sd}{of, lh+u8jf a]nla5jf, nIdLk'/, uf}/ gu/kflnsf;lxts] ljleGg uf+cf]s]
gbLs] lsgf/s] hldgk/ s]/fv]tL xf]/xn xP . sd d]xgt cf ax't sd nfutd] s]/fv]tL;]
lgdg cfdb xf]/xn ls;fg nf]us] sxgfd xP . bf];/ s'5f]s] v]tL sPnfk/ rf]/L xf]Ps]
du/ s]/fv]tLd] rf]/L gxf]Ps] hgljZjf; /xnf;] eL s]/fv]tL;] nf]us] kmPbf xf]/xn
xP . Psa]/ s]/f /f]knfk/ sl/a 5cf] dlxgfd] pahgL b]a]s] ;'? xf]Ps] cf sl/a tLg
jif{ts kmPbf b]t] /x]s] xf]Pnf;] s]/fv]tL ;j{;fwf/0f ls;fgs] kmPbfs] v]tL agn
xP . ax'jif]{ afnLs] ?kd] s]/fv]tL;] a];L p+vv]tLs] h};g gfkmf ls;fgs] xfyd]
k'u/xn xP . s]/fs] ahf/ eL kof{Kt /xn cf lhnf;] afx/ eL hf/xnf;] s]/f pTkfbg
clws xf]Pnfk/ a]r]s] sf}gf] ;d:of g/xn wGxf/Ls] /fd ljnf; ;fx hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t
.
/f;folgs dns] cf]/;] ls;fg xf]Pnfun lg/fz
pk]Gb| ld>÷afnrgk'/
/f}tx6s] ls;fg /f;folgs dns] cTolws k|of]u;] lg/fz xf]Pnfun xP .
ax't] ls;fg ckgf 3/]d] ljleGg lsl;ds] 3f;kfts] ;fy] uf]a/s] dns] k|of]u a9f/xnf;]
/f}tx6s] pQ/L If]qs] ls;fg k|f+ufl/s dns] k|lt cfslif{t xf]/xn xP . /f}tx6s]
rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] rGb|lgufxk'/, kf}/fO{, ;Gtk'/, 8'dl/of nufots] ljleGg
uf+cf]s] ;fy] u}+8f6f/, km'nal/of, gh/k'/, afudtL;d]td] kftklt+u/s] ;+8fs] cf
uf]a/s] dn agfs] v]td] k6fa]s] rngd] lj:tf/ xf]/xn xP . v]td] uf]a/ dn k6Pnf;]
ljleGg lsl;ds] /f;folgs bafOs] dfqf eL sd] b]a]s] cf pAhgL eL a];L xf]Ps] ;fy]
v]ts] df6L eL lgdg xf]Ps] b]vnu]n xP . /f;folgs dns] cTolws k|of]u;] pahfanu]n
cgs] k|of]u;] :jf:Yok/ xflg s/]s] cf uf]a/ dns] k|of]u;] xf]Pafnf pAhgL;]
z/L/s] kmPbf xf]Ps] sfd sPnf;] nf]u /f;folgs dn;] a];L uf]a/ dns] cf]/ cfslif{t
xf]/xn xP . uf]a/ dn;] pahfjn afnLs] efcf] eL a];L ldn/xn cf ahf/s] sdL eL
gxf]Pnf;] pQ/L /f}tx6s] ls;fg uf]a/ dns] cf]/ cfslif{t xf]/xn gh/k'/;] p4j
l3ld/] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
wfld{s :jtGqtf ;+ljwfgd] /fv]s] n]n gful/s ;dfhs] ;'emfj
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
g]kfn gful/s ;dfh /f}tx6 g]kfns] ;+ljwfg @)&@d] ckgf t/km;]
ljleGg lsl;ds] ;'emf b]n] xP . d:of}bfs] pk/ dGyg ss] dw]; cfGbf]ng,
Gofokflnsfs] abnfd] :jtGq Gofokflnsf, wd{ lg/k]Ifs] abnfd] wfld{s :jtGqtf,
;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds d'n's /fv]s] ;'emfj b]n] xP . cO;xL j}jflxs c+uLs[t
gful/stf;DaGwL Joj:yf lje]bk"0f{ /xnf;] @)^#s] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgd] pn]v e]n
gful/stf;DaGwL lgod xL sfod s/]s] ;'emfj b]n] xP . wf/f $% d] blnts] xs;DaGwL Joj:yf
wf/f $% s sfod ss] dw];Ls] xs clwsf/ lnv]s] eL dfu sPnu]n xP . k|ltlglw;efd]
b" ;o krxQ/s] abnf Ps ;o k}+;7 hg] ;b:o ;+Vof /x]s] Joj:yf s/]s] ;'emfj
b]n] gful/s ;dfh /f}tx6s] cWoIf huGgfy s];/L hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . cO;xL
;dfg'kflts Joj:yf vf/]h s/]s] cf wf/f (!s] pkwf/f !d] z}lIfs of]Uotfd] sDtLd]
:gfts pQL0f{ xf]Ps] ;'emfj eL b]nu]n xP .
;nf{xLs] sl/a !! k|ltzt ah]6 e]n lk|mh
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
;nf{xL lhnf ljsf; ;ldlts] ut cfly{s jif{s] sl/a !! k|ltzt ah]6 lk|mh
e]n xP . lhnfs] ljsf;s] n]n cfPn cg'bfgs] /sdd];] !! k|ltzt /sd lk|mh xf]s]
lkmtf{ e]n xP . ;dok/ vr{ gxf]P ;snf;] ;nf{xL lhnfs] nfvf] /sd lk|mh e]n xP .
lhnfs] ljsf;s] n]n cfPn $ ca{ &! s/f]8 &@ nfv *) xhf/ $ ;o *@ ?k}ofdWo]
$* s/f]8 ** nfv (! xhf/ ($ ?k}of lk|mh e]n sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{no
hgPn] xP . lk|mh e]n /sd ax't] xf]Pnf;]
lhnfs] ljsf;d] gsf/fTds c;/ k/n ;nf{xLs] kqsf/ lzjlszf]/ l;+x hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t
.
lghu9 ljdfg:yns] gS;f+sgs] sfd e]n ;'?
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
/fli6«o uf}/js] cfof]hgs] ?kd] /xn lghu9 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yns]
lgdf{0fs] k|f/lDes sfd ;'? sPnu]n xP . dw];s] ljsf;s] n]n ax't dxTjk"0f{
dfg]hfPafnf lghu9 ljdfg:yns] rf/ lsnf :ki6 kf/]s] ;fy] gS;f+sg cf l;df+sgs] sfd
;'? sPnu]n xP . af/fs] l;d/fd] /vnu]n lkmN8 sfof{nos] k|fljlws ;a rf/ lsnf
k|dfl0ft s/Ot lkn/ /fv]s] sfd ;'? e]n xP . cfof]hgfs] ;xfos k|d'v zDe' dG8ns]
g]t[Tjd] sf7dfG8';] sG;N6]G6 n]cfs] rf/ hg] k|fljlws 6f]nL ljdfg:yns] n]n
cfjZos hldg 5'l6cfa]s] sfd s//xn xP . lghu9s] ljdfg:yn sl/a cf7 xhf/ x]S6/d]
ag]afnf xf]Pnf;] cf7 xhf/ x]S6/ hldgs] gS;f+sg cf l;df+sgs] ;fy] lkn/ /fvs]
3]/fa]/f s/]d] s]tgf ;do nfuL cf]s/ lglZrt g/xn du/ sfd ;'? xf]Pnf;] ljdfg:ynk/
cf:yf /fv]afnf nf]ud] v';Ls] ;+rf/ e]n xP . lghu9d] ljdfg:yns] sfd ;'? xf]Pnf;]
ca ljdfg:yn ag]s] ljZjf; ;j{;fwf/0fd] eL a9n xP .
udL{s] 5'6Ld] eL dnfxL pRr dflj ;+rfngd]
ljZjgfy ;~h]n÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] u?8f gu/kflnsf !)
l:yt ;/:jtL pRr dfWolds ljBfno dnfxL udL{s] 5'6Ld] eL ;+rfngd] /xn xP . lhnfs]
nueu ;eL ;fd'bflos ljBfno aGb /xnfk/ eL dnfxLl:yt pRr dfWolds ljBfno ;+rfngd]
/xn xP . a};fv dlxgfd] cfPn e'sDks] ;dod] s'5 lbg :s'n aGb /xn cf pRr dfWolds
lzIff kl/ifbs] sIff !! cf !@s] k/LIffs] qmdd] eL s'5 lbg :s'n aGb xf]Pnf;]
;/:jtL pRr dfWolds ljBfnos] k9fO rn/xn xP . sIff ( ;] !@ tss] k9fOs] lg/Gt/tf
b]nu]n k|frfo{ /fd ;fu/ ;fx atPn] 5t . lzIffd] u'0f:t/ n]cfa]s] n]n cf
ljBfyL{s] k9fO eL g6'6]s] b[li6;] ;/sf/L lhnfs] s}n]G8/d] tf]snu]n df]tflas
5'6L b]a]s] cf af+sL /xn aL; lbg sf]lrªs] hO;g rnfa]s] of]hgf df]tflas rnf/xn
du/ ck]Iffs[t ljBfyL{s] pkl:ylt ax't sd xf]/xn xP . h]tgf xf]Ps] rflx+ cf]
lx;fa;] ljBfyL{s] pkl:ylt sIffd] gxf]/xn k|frfo{ ;fxs] sxgfd /xn xP .
lzjrGb| s'zjfxfs] !% lbg y'gfd] /fv]s] cfb]z
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
af/fs] k"j{ ;ef;b lzjrGb|
s'zjfxfs] y'gfd] /fvs] cg';Gwfg s/]s] cg'dlt lhnf k|x/L sfof{no b]n] xP .
hldgs] ljifod] jl/of/k'/ uf+cf]d] b' kIfaLr emu8f cf df/lk6s] ;fy] tf]8kmf]8
e]n cf cf]xL ljifod] 5nkmns] n]n ;befjgf kf6L{s] pkfWoIf;d]t /xn k"j{;ef;b
s'zjfxfs] Ox] ;fjg * ut] lhnf k|x/L sfof{no af/fd] af]nPn] /x] . 5nkmns] qmdd]
k"j{;ef;b s'zjfxf af/fs] P;lk cf l8P;lkpk/ cjzAb k|of]u s/]s] ;fy] b'Jo{jxf/
eL sPn] /x] . ;fyd] tf]8kmf]8 eL sPn] /x]
. s'zjfxfs] cO;g Jojxf/;] af/f k'ln; s'zjfxfs] lx/f;td] n]n] cg';Gwfg
k|lqmof cufl8 a9Pn] xP . s'zjfxfs] ;dy{s nf]u s'zjfxfs] lagf zt{ l/xfOs] dfu
s/Ot cfGbf]ng eL s//xn cj:yfd] af/f k'ln; sf/afxL cufl8 a9Pn] xP .
ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bLs] sfo{qmdd] k;f{s] g]tf ;xefuL
alHhsf va/ 8]:s
ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb|
df]bLs] k|d'v cfltYod] ef/t ljxf/s] d'hkm\km/k'/d] e]n cfd;efd] g]kfns] eL s'5
g]tfs] ;xeflutf /xn ;fj{hlgs e]n xP . ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{s] sfo{qmdd] d'hkm/k'/s]
xL cfof]hs kIfs] lgdGq0ffd] g]kfns] dw];jfbL g]tfs] pkl:ylt b]vnu]n /x] .
d'hkm/k'/s] ;f+;b cho lgiffws] ljz]if lgdGq0ffd] ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns]
nfnafa' /fpt cf k;f{ lhnf cwoIf k|bLk ofbj ;efd] ;xeflutf hgPn] /x] . g]kfns]
g]tfnf]u k|wfgdGqL df]bL;] g]kfns] lah'nLs] ljsf;d] ;xof]u s/]s] n]n cfu|x sPn]
cf g]kfnd] lah'nLs] ljsf;;] ef/ts] laxf/d] xL kmfPbf xf]Ps] aft atPn] hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t . ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{s] ljz]if g]tf ;as] pkl:ylt /xn sfo{qmd] g]kfns]
dw];jfbL g]tfs] pkl:ylts] ljz]if ?k;] b]vn hf/xn xP .
ckg hldg sxOt ;fj{hlgs hldgk/ nf]us] bfaL
k|sfz >]i6÷s6x/Lof
/f}tx6s] s6xl/of ahf/s]
;fj{hlgs hldgk/ s'5 nf]u ckg bfaL 7f]sn] xP . s6xl/ofs] d'Vo ahf/s] d"n
/f:tf;] ;6n ;fj{hlgs hldgs] ckg lghL hldg sxOt bfaL sPn] xP . ;fj{hlgs hldgs]
lghL sxOt bfaLs] ;fy] 3]/fa]/f sPnf;] ;8s xL ;s]t e]n xP . d"n /f:tfk/ xL
3]/fa]/f sPnf;] ofq'afxs a;, 6«snufots] ljleGg oftfofts] ;fwg ;+rfngd] sl7gfO
xf]/xn xP . k}bn ofq's] eL ;d:of xf]/xn :yfgLos] sxgfd xP . s6xl/of uflj;s]
sfof{no cf kz' ;]jf s]Gb| ;d]ts] lghL hldg sxOt 3]/fa]/f sPnf;] s6xl/ofd] xnrn
drn xP . :yfgLo b]jgf/fo0f k+l8t ;fj{hlgs hldgs] ckg k'vf}{nL hldg ataOt
3]/fa]/f sPn] xP . uflj; ;lrj hogf/fo0f >Ljf:tj slxof] sfof{nod] pkl:yt
gxf]Ps] cf :yfgLo lgsfo eL k|ltlglwljxLg xf]Pnf;] nf]us] dg a9n xf];s]s]
;j{;fwf/0fs] sxgfd /xn xP .
/fk|kfs] u?8f gu/ sldl6 u7g
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
/fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{s] u?8f
gu/ sldl6 u7g sPnu]n xP . lhnf cWoIf ljGb]Zj/ /fo ofbjs] cWoIftfd] /fk|kfs]
sfo{stf{ e]nf;] u?8f gu/kflnsf:tLo ;ldlts] rog sPnu]n xP . gjnlszf]/ k|;fb
ofbjs] cWoIftfd] ul7t !( ;b:oLo gu/ sldl6s] pkfWoIfd] aRrf b]jfg, ;lrjd] /fd
ljZjf; k|;fb ofbj, ;x;lrjd] holszf]/L b]jL cf sf]iffWoIfd] dfwj k+l8t 5gf}6 e]n
xP . sldl6s] ;b:od] ljGb]Zj/ /fo ofbj, hokfn ;xgL, n8fO /fo, x[bogf/fo0f ofbj,
b/]z /fo ofbj, s}nfz ;xgL 5gf}6 e]n xP . cO;xL ljb]zL /fo, /fdafa' ;fx, gf/fo0f
;fx, z]v dhLb, km]sg /fo ofbj, lbnLk s'df/ emf, aRrf /fo ofbj cf lbg]z s'df/
rf}w/L ;b:od] rog sPnu]n gu/ sldl6s] cWoIf gjnlszf]/ k|;fb ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn]
5t .
uf}/ c:ktfns] rnt] ;]jfu|fxL dsf{d]
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
lhnf c:ktfn uf}/d] 8fS6/s]
cefj xf]Pnf;] ;j{;fwf/0f dsf{d] k/n xP . cx]js] e/d] c:ktfn rnnf;] c:ktfnd]
kx'+rn a]dl/ofx nf]u ax't dsf{d] k/ xP . c:ktfn kx'+rn a]df/L nf]u 8fS6/s]
cefjd] ;f:tL ef]u]s] afWo e]n xP . lhnf c:ktfns] ;eL 8fS6/ lhnf;] afx/ xf]Pnf;]
cx]as] pkrf/;] nf]u k/;fgLs] k/n xP . c:ktfn kx'+rn a]df/L nf]u lghL lSnlgs
rfx] ef/ts] a}/ulgof hfPs] afWo xf]/xn xP . ;:tf pkrf/ s/fa] cf ;/sf/L c:ktfns]
;'ljwf pkef]u s/fa] kx'rn nf]u c:ktfn;] lkmtf{ cfa]s] k/nf;] ax't b'vL eL dx;';
s//xn xP . c:ktfnd] hfPafnf nf]ud]] clwsf+z nf]u afx/ hfs] pkrf/ s/f/xn b]vnu]n
xP . lhnf c:ktfns] cO;g cj:yfk/ eL g]tf nf]us] Wofg hfP g;snfk/ ;j{;fwf/0f a];L
dsf{d] k/n xP . c:ktfns] cj:yfd] ;'wf/s]
dfu s/Ot ;j{;fwf/0f c:ktfn;] ;DalGwt nf]us] kf; cfjfh k]7fa]nf dw]; d;nf PkmPd;]
dfu sPn] xP . lhnfs] Psdfq ;/sf/L ;'ljwfo'St c:ktfns] cj:yfk/ ;j{;fwf/0f;] n]s]
af}l4s nf]uts lrGtf JoSt sPn] xP . lhnf c:ktfn;] n]s] uflj;:t/d] ;+rflnt :jf:Yo
rf}sL cf pk:jf:Yo rF}sLtss] ;+rfng k|lqmofd] ;'wf/s] n]n ;j{;fwf/0f PkmPddfkm{t
dfu sPn] xP .
d':nLd ;d'bfo lh=k|=sf=uf}/ w/gf b]s] a'emPn] xP 1fkg kq
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
/f}tx6s] ;b/d'sfd uf}/d] lhNnf k|;f;g sfo{fnos] cufl8 z'qmjf/s] lbg
b'kx/jfd] sl/a cfwf 306fts d'l:nd ;d'bfos] åf/f wgf{ b]n] /x] . ;+ljwfg
d:of}bfd] wd{ lg/k]Iftfs] ;daf]wgs] dfu s/Ot lhnnf k|;f;g sfo{fnos] cufl8 306f]
ts ax'tf]s] ;+Vofd] /xn d'l:nd ;d'bfo wf{gf b]n] /x] . xftd] pb{' cf c+u|]hL
efiffd] lnvn d'l:nds] clwsf/ d:of}bfd] ;Daf]wgs] dfu s/Ot 1fkg kq a'emPn] va/
k|fKt e]n xP .
aGbs]
sf/0f gf/fo0fL c+rns] hglhjg k|efljt
k|sfz >]i7÷s6x/Lof
dfcf]afbL laKnj ;d'x4f/f cfof]lht Pslbg] aGbs] sf/0f gf/fo0fL c~rns]
;le lhNnfs] hglhjg k|efljt e]n xP . aGbs] sf/0f /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{s] ;b/d'sfd
la/u+h, sn}of cf uf}/;] rn]jfnf nDaf
b'/Ls] ;jf/L ;fwg;a k'0f{?kdf 7Kk e]n xP . ltg' lhnfs] k|d'v ahf/;a la/u}h,
lghu9, sn}of, uf}/, rGb|k'/ nufots] ahf/;ad] $) k|ltzt bf]sfg;a v'Nn cf ^)
k|ltzt bf]sfg ;a aGb b]vn u]n xP . la/u}h,sn}of,kYn}of,lguu9,nufots] ahf/;ad]
df]6/;fOn 6f+uf, l/S;f tyf 5f]6 5f]6 lghL ufl8;a oyfjt?kdf ;~rfng xf]/xn] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no
k;f{s] l8P:kL la/ axfb'/ cf]nL atPn] 5t . cf]O;lxP uf}/, rGbk'/ u?8f nufots]
ahf/;ad] uf}/ ;] rGb|lgufxk'/ rn]jfnf nf]sn a; ;a oyfjt ;~rfng xf]/n] lhk|sf /f}tx6s] l8P:kL
z'lw//fh zfxL atPn] 5t . g]kfnL
sf+u|];,Pdfn],Pdfcf]afbL cf dw]zLdf]rf{ lar e]n] !^ a'Gb] zxdtL cf ef/t lrg lar
latn h]i7 ! ut] e]n] $! a'Gb]
l;dfAofkf/s] @* gDa/ a'Gbf vfl/h s/]s] dfu s/Ot aGbs] cfJxfg sPn]] laKnj ;d'x
k;f{s] ;]s]|6/L x/La+z d}gfnL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . @* gDa/ a/Gbfd] lrgs] l;dfgfdf
/xn n]k'n]v eGHof+u k|of]u s/]s] lg0f{o b]zs]
/fli6«otf pk/ ef/t cf lrgfs] a8sf] xitIf]k xf]/xn ;\s|]6/L d}gfnL hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
aGb
k|efjsf/L agfa]s] n]n ltg' lhnfd] d;fn h'n';
/fhs/0f ÷s6x/Lof
laKnj ;d'x4f/f cfJxfg sPn u]n z'qmjf/s] alGb k"0f{ ?k;]
k|efjsf/L agfa]s] n]n ljkm]s] ;+emd] kf6L{ ltg'
lhNnfs] ;b/d'sfd d] d;fn h'n'; k|bz{g sPn] xP . k;f{sf ;]s]|6/L d}gfnLs]
cu'cfOdf ,/f}tx6sf ;]s|6/L uf]kfn lhDafs] cu'cfOd] rGb|k'/ af/fs] lghu9 tyf
l;d/fs] d'Vorf}sd] d;fn h'n'; kb{zg u/]sf lyP .
/f}tx6d] a; cf 6]s6/ Ps cfk;d] 7f]snf;] b' hgfs] d[To' e]n
uf}td >]i7÷uf}/
/f}tx6s] rGb|k'/d] ;'s/s]
e]n ;jf/L b'3{6gfd] b' hgfs] d[To' e]n xP cf ^ hgf;] ax't] 3fon e]n xP . ;a]/] ;f9] % ah] k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{
cGtu{ut rGb|lgufxk'/s] nDxf k'nk/ sf7dfG8f} ;] hgsk'/s] tkm{ hf/xn gf$v ^@@(
gDa/s] ofq'jfxs a; cf af/f lghu9;] rGb|lgufxk'/s] cf]/ hf/xn gF@t #)%^ gDa/s]
6]s6/ 7f]snf;] e]n b'3{6gfd] b' hgfs] 36gf:tnd] xL d[To' e]n xP . d[To'
xf]pjfnf lghu9 & s] %) aif{s] ;f]daxfb'/ dfemL cf @@ aif{s] s'naxfb'/ dfemL
/xn xP . lghu9;] 3/ 5fj]jfnf 6fnL nf]8 s s] rGb|k'/ cfj]s] qmdd] 6]s6/s] ndxf
k'nk/ a; k5f8L;] 7s/ b]n] /x] . d[ts ;f]daxfb'/ 6fnL Jofkf/L / 6]saxfb'/ pgs/
;xof]uL /xn k|x/L hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP . 3fOt] rfns wgaxfb'/ dfemL , ljg]z dfemLs]
pkf/s] n]n gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfn jL/uGh n]u]n xP . b'3{6gf;] a;d] ofqf s/
/xn lbks e08f/L, u+uf sfls{ 3on e]n Onfsf k|x/L sfo{o rGb|lgufxk'/ hfgsf/L
s/Pn] xP . 3fOt];as] rGb|lgufk'/ c:ktfnd] pkf/ xf]/xn xP . 36gfs] afb a;s] rfns
km/f/ xP . b'3{6gfs] sf/0f clets ktf gnfun k|x/L hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP .
6«fG;kf]6{s] % nfv a/fa/s] cj}w sk8f e]n kqmfp
jL/u+hd] /xn bh{gf}
6«fG;kf]6{jfnf ;a eG;f/ 5n s] rf]/L k}7f/L s/s] ;dfg;a n]cfj]s] sfd hf]/;f]/ ;]
xf]/xn xP . px] qmdd] eG;f/ 5ns] n]cfa]s] qmdd] !% uf7 sk8f j8f k|x/L lat{f ckg
lgoGq0fd] n]n] xP . lgoGq0fd] n]n sk8fs]
d'No % nfv a/fa/s] /xn ljtf{ j8f k|x/Ls] k|x/L lgl/Ifs P]g axfb'/ dNn hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t . eG;f/ 5ns] /f:td] sk8f
n]cfa]s] qmdd] ljtf{ j8f k|x/Ls] k|x/L lgl/Ifs P]g axfb'/ dNNs] sdf08d] v6n
k|x/L gfoa lgl/Ifs /d]z /]UdL ;lxt /xn k|x/L 6f]nL /hthoGtL rf}ss] ;6n] cj}w
sk8f;a kqmfp sPn] /x] . kqmfp k/n sk8f;a ljtf{ j8f k|x/L sfo{no rf]/L k}7f/L
cGtu{t jL/u+Gh eG;f/d] k7Pn] gfhsf/L k|x/L lgl/Ifs dNn atPn] 5t .
jL/uGh eG;f/s] /fh:j (! ca{
/fh]Zj/ kf08]÷u?8f
b]zs] d'Vo Jofkf/Ls gfs
jL/uGhl:yt eG;f/ sfo{no lo cfly{s aif{ @)&!÷&@d] latn aif{;] !@ ca{ @*
s/f]8 @! nfv *# xhf/ ?k}of ax't /fh:jf p7Pn] xP . oL aif{d] (! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 *%
nfv &* xhf/ ?k}of ;+sng sPn] k|d'v eG;f/ clws[t ldqnfn /]Ud] hfgsf/L b]n]
xP . eG;f/ ljefu lo cfly{s aif{d] nIo;] )=^# k|ltzt ax't /fH:jf ;+sng sPn] xP
. eG;f/dfkm{t c;'n xf]Pjfnf ;8s ;'wf/
z'Ns ! ca{ &@ s/f]8 !@ nfv *% xhf/ hf]8nfs] afb sfo{fnos] alif{s nIo k'/f
xf];s]s] b]vn u]n xP . ljgfzsf/L e"sDks] afb cfly{s sf/f]af/ sd xf]Pnfs]
afb le nIo k'/f xf]Pnf;] clwsf/L;a ;Gtf]ifhgs k|ulte]n sxn] xP . c;'n xf]Pn
/fh:jd] dx;'n;] Hofbf d"No clej[l4s/s] of]ubfg b]vn u]n xP . cfly{s aif{
@)&!÷&@d] eG;f/ dx;'nafkt #% ca{ *% s/f]8 $( nfv %% xhf/ ?k}of c;'n e]n
/x] . d"No clej[l4s/ #^ ca{ &@ s/f]8 $@ nfv @@ xhf/ ?k}of p7n /x] .
latn ;fn;] hofbf % ca{ *% s/f]8 cf d'No clej[l4s/ # ca{ $$ s/f]8 p7n xP .
cGtMz'Ns latn ;fn;] # ca{ !! s/f]8 ?k}of;] a9s] !& ca{ @^ s/f]8 #* nfv #@
xhf/ k'un xP . latn ;fn &( ca{ #$
s/f]8 ^# nfv (% xhf/ /fh:jf c;'n e]n /x] .
eG;f/;] nfvf+} ?k}of a/fa/s] ;dfg r]/L e]nx] qmdrf/Ls] ldnf]dtf]d]
ljleGg d'2fd] kqmfp s]s]
/fvn 6«s, lhksf/ cf df]6/;fOsns] eG;f/ sfo{fno lnnd sPnfk/ eG;f/ sd{rf/Ls]
ldnf]dt]fd] nfvf} d'No k/]jfnf ;jf/L ;fwgs] kf6 k'h{f, Jof6«L cf Do'lhs l;:6d
rf]/L e]n 36gf ;fdg] cfPn xP . jL/uGh eG;f/ xfn]d] lnnfd sPn] 6«s b' yfg, lhksf/
* yfg cf *% yfg df]6/;fOsns] Jofl6« tyf kf6k'h{f lgsfnn] lnnfd ;sf/n] Puf]
7]sbf/ atPnfafb sd{rf/Ls] ldnf]dtf]d] ;jf/L ;fwgs] kf6k'h{f rf]/L sPnu]n 36gf
;fdg] cfPn] xP . eG;f/ sfo{no uf]bfd
zfvfs] vl/bf/ b'u{fxf+u /fO{ cf d'2f km+f6s] gfoa ;'Aaf emns axfb'/ >]i7
;jf/L;fwg;] lgsfnfn kf6k'h{f, Jofl6« cf Do'lhs l;:6d eG;f/d] b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ld]
v6n 5ks}of lgjf;L k|d]fb ;fx dfkm{t rf]/L ss] ljqmL s/]s] nuPn] ;dfrf/ >f]t
bfjL sPn] xP . tTsflng eG;f/ k|d'v /fdxl/ cof{n, uf]bfd ;vfs] vl/bf/ /fO{s]
Aofl6« lgsfns] ;'/lIft /fv]nf sxnf]k/ p Aofl6« nufot ;jf/L ;fwfgs] Do'lhs l;:6d
tyf kf6k"h{f ;d]t k|df]b ;fx dfkm{t eG;f/ sd{rf/L >]i7 cf /fO{ ljqmL
sPn] >f]ts] cf/f]k /xn xP . pQm ljifod] jL/uGh eG;f/ sfo{fnos] ;'rgf clws[lt
;'lzn zd{f;] k'5nfk/ x'g sxng hf}g cj:yfd] ;jf/L eG;f/d] cfPn /x] px] cj:yfd]
lnnfd sPn u]n bfjL ;d]t sPn] ofqf 8]nL va/ k|sfl;t sPn] xP .
aL/uGhd] k|r08 sPng dw]zL g]tf;a;] e]63f6
s'5lbg klxn] ef/t e|d0f;]
cfPn Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 z'qmjf/s] lbg cfGbf]ng/t /xn dw];L df]rf{s] k|d'v
b' kf6L{s] cWoIf dxGy 7fs'/ cf /fh]Gb| dxtf];] cnu cnu e]63f6 sPn] 5t . k|r08
ljtn ljkm]s] lbg k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnf;] e]6s] ;+l3oftf ;lxts] ;+ljwfg cf
gful/Stfs] ;Gbe{d] sPnu]n k|fjwfgs] ;'wf/ s/]s] dfu sPn] 5t . d:of}bf pk/s]
5nkmn s/]s] n]n l;/xf k'unfk/ x'gsf pk/ ky/fje]n /x] cf x'gsfs] k|x/Ls]
;'/Iff3]/fs] dfWod;] sf7dfG8f}+ k'ufjn u]n /x] . k|d'v bns] ljr e]n !^ a'b] s]
;'?j];] lj/f]w s/Ot cfPn df]rf{d] cfa4 rf/ dw];L kf6L{;a d:of}bf pk/s] ;+sng
ljrf/s] dw]zd] k"0f{ ?k;] jlxisf/ sPnfk/ dw]zs] lhnf ;ad] clele tgfjs] jtfj/0f
sfod /xn xP . z'qmjf/s] ;befjgf kf6L{s] cWoIf /fh]Gb| dxtf] cf tdnf]kfs] cWoIf
dxGy 7fs'/;] cnu cnu e]6 sPn] k|r08 sxng dw];L kf6L{ ;as] dfu ;Daf]wg s/]s] n]n
tof/ /xn sxOt cfGbf]ng gs/]s] n]n cfu|x ;d]t sPn] 5t .
k"j{ ;ef;b s'zjfxf e]n
kqmp
k"j{
;ef;b lzjrGb| s'zjfxfs] k|x/L kqmfp sPn] xP . af/fs] dxful9dfO{ gu/kflnsf *
al/of/k'/d] hldg ljjfbd] e]n em8ks] Ps cg';gwfg s/]nf sxOt af/f If]q g+= @ s]
k"j{ ;ef;b s'zjfxfs] z'qmjf/s] k|x/L kqmfp sPn] xP . ;fpg # ut] hldg cf 3/
vfnL s/fj]s] ljifod] s'zjfxfs] ;d'x cf :yfgLo lar em8k e]nf;] uDeL/f;fx
xn'jfO{, ;'/]z k|;fb rf}/;Lof, d'lQm gf/fo0f rf}/l;of nufots] nf]u 3fon e]n /x]
. em8ks] qmdd] 3/ ;d]t tf]8n u]n /x]. k"j{ ;ef;b s'zjfxfs] 36gfs] af/d]d]
k'5]nf af]nPnfk/ x'g sxng 36gd] ckg xft ge]n sxOt gPnfs]jfb k|qmfp sPnu]n k|x/L
pkl/Ifs n]fs]Gb| dNn atPn] 5t . s'zjfxf 3/ t]/]s] qmdd] :yfgLo;a k|ltsf/
sPnfs]jfb 36g pu| agfnfjfb k|x/L 36gfs] lgoGq0fd] n]j]nf tLg /fp08 cf;' Uof;
;d]t k|xf/ sPn] /x] . s'zjfxf klxnsf ;+ljwfg ;efd] Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;] ljhoL e]n
/x] .
/f}tx6d] !$ aif{s] aflsn xf]Pn xP ants[t
/fh]Zj/ kf08]
u?8f/ 3/s] ;6n] /xn pvs] v]td] zf}r
s/]u]n Puf] aflnsf /f}tx6df] anTs[t e]n xP. /f}tx6s] lj>fdk'/ ( 3/ d]n !$
aif{s] jflnsfs] uf+ps] Ps o'js anfTsf/ sPn] ph'/L k|x/Ld] k/n /x]. ljtn
d+unaf/s] lbg 3/ s] ;6n] /xn p+v v]td] zf}r s/]s] cj:yfd] :yfgLo !^ aif{s]
dgf]h /fd anfTsf/ sPn] kl/jf/hg hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP . ckg n8sLs] uf+ps] Ps o'js
pvs] v]td] d'x afgxs] ha/h:tL s/0fL sPn] kLl8t kl/jf/s] cleefjs atfPn] xP .
36gfs] afb ufp+d]xL oL sf08 ldnfa]s] n]n kl/jf/ pk/ bjfa k8n /x] . n]lsg kLl8t k/Ljf/ gdfgnfs] jfb
a'ws] lbg Onfsf k|x/L sfo{fno u?8fd] ls6fgL ph'/L btf{ s/Pn] xP . cf/f]kL o'js km/f/ /xn xP . km/f/ o'js] vf]hL
xf]/xn Onfsf k|x/L u?8f hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP .
rGb|k'/d] ;f]nf/ alQ
rGb|k'/ gu/kflnsfs] cfly{s
;xof]ud] gu/s] d'Vof rf]sd] ;f]nf/ alt h8fg sPn u]n xP . rGb|lgufxk'/s] d'Vo
rf}sd] !% uf] ;f]nf/ alQ h8fg sPnfs] afbd] gu/ /fts] ;dod] ;d]t Ohf]t e]n
:yfgLo afl;Gbf atPn] 5t . ;f]nf/ alQ h8fg;] /fts] ;dod] cfjt hfjt s/]jfnf;as]
;d]t ;lhnf] e]n pkef]Qmf ;ldlts] b]j/fh Gof}kfg] hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . gu/kfnlsf
:yfgLo pkef]Qmtf ;ldlt;] ;f]nf/ alQ h8fgs] sfd b]n] /x] .
sk8f t:s/L clets g?sn
xP .
eG;f/ 5ns] b]zs] ljleGg :yfgd]
t:s/;a ;dfg n]hfPs] qmd clets /f]sn g
u]n xP. ;n{fxLs] laleGg gfsf ;] t:s/L s/]jfnf lu/f]x a9n :yfgLo afl;Gbf hfgsf/L
s/Pn] xP . k|x/L k|zf;gs] ldnf]dtf]d] ;nfPsLs] ljleGg gfsf;] t:s/L xf]Ps] ca}w
sk8f;a /fhwfgL sf7dfG8f}+ nufots] b]zs] k|d'v zx/d] hfos] qmdd] a/fdb xf]P
nufn;] cO;g /x:o v'nn xP . ;nf{xL ;] af7dfG8f}+ n]hfPs] qmdd] Ps 6/s sk8f a/fd
sPn] cf b' xKtf glatOt af/fd] km]?;] Ps 6/s ca}w sk8f a/fd e]n xP . dWofdfGrn
/fhZj O{sfO{ sfo{fno kyn}of k'/fg k|qfkg kqd] sf7dfG8f} n]hf/xn gf@v $$%(
gDa/s] 6/s ;lxt ca}w sk8f a/fdb sPn] x{ . ;nf{sLs] ljleGg gfsf ;] ;b/d'sfd
dn+ujf, a/xyjf, gof/f]8, gjnk'/ nufots] :yfgd] e08f/0f s s] k'/g k|1fkg kqs]
cwf/d] b]zs] k|d'v zx/d] k]7fj]s] sfd lta| ?kd] rn/xn hfgsf/L k|fKt e]n xP . dWofdfGrn
/fhZj Osf{O sfo{nfo kyn}sfs] lgldQ k|d'v w|'j kf]v/]n Eofy lan cf eG;f/ lt/n
k|qfkg kqsf] kmf]6f] skL dfq /xnf;] 6/ss] lgoGq0fd] n]s] 5fgljg z'?sPn] atPn]
xP . 6/ss] rfns km/f/ /xn atPn] xP . ;nf{xLs] ljleGg gfsf;] k|x/L k|d'vs]
cfyL[s nfd b]s] ;nf{xL dn+ujfs] d]y'/ rf}w/L, a/xyjfs] cGtf]if ;fx ;lxts] JolQm
t:s/L s/Ot cfPn >f]t hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP . ;nf{xLs] dn+ujf eG;f/ sfo{fno k|d'v
lty{/fh kf;jgf d'n gfs afx]s ;u|fDk'/, k;{f, lqe'jg gu/, u8lxof, af/f, pwf]/0f,
ef8;/ cf anf/ s s] & uf] eG;f/ /xn bfaL sPnfs] afb eL cf]xL lhnf ;] t:s/Ls]
sk8f a/fdb xf]Ot cfPn xP . lhnf k|x/L sfo{fno ;n{fxLs] k|x/L pkl/Ifs s]bf/
9sfn, z:q k|x/L l;df ;'/Iff an ;nf{xLs] z:q k|x/L pkl/Ifs ;'j0f{ axfb'/ yfkf
;d]ts] ldnf]dtf]d] ;nf{xLs] laleGg gfsf;] t:s/Ls] k|of; xf]/xn cf/f]k ;nf{xLs]
:yfgLoafl;Gbfs] sxgfd /xn xP . k|To]s gfsfd] z:q k|x/L cf g]kfn k|x/L kf]i6 cf
l8p6L /xnfs] afb le t:s/L sPn ;dfg ;a cGo lhnfd] a/fdb xf]/xn ;nf{xL dn+ujfs]
eG;f/ sfo{nfo k|d'c tLy{/fh kf;jfgn] atfP . /f}tx6s] ;b/d'sfd uf}/ nufot gfsf
;] t:s/Ls] nfOg aGb /xnfs] sf/0f t:s/ lu/f]x nfO{g vf]njfj]s] cleogfd] nfun
;dfrf/ >f]t afbL sPn] xP . ef/t;] v'Nnf l;dfgf /xnf;] dWo t/fO{s] lhnf;]
laleGg ;dfgs] ca}w t:s/L xf]Ot cPn b]vn u]n xP .
cfk'lt{s] ljifo n]s] xf]Pn xP df/lk6
lhnf jgf sfo{fno cfk'lt{ ;ldlt dfkm{t
lat/uf sPn] sf7 ;a{;fwf/0fs] ;f6fd] lr/fg ldnd] u]n sxOt sd{rf/L pk/ xftkft
xf]Pn xP . /f}tx6s] cfk'lt{ ;ldlts] ;b:o ;lrjs] pk/ ;ldlts] ;b:o b'/Jojxf/ sPn]
36gf ;fj{hgLs e]n xP . /f}tx6s] rGb|lgufxk'/d] /xn cfk'lt{ ;dlts] sfo{nfod]
;b:o ;lrj /fds]jn ofbj cf sd{rf/L rGb]Zj/, ag/Ifs zDe' k6]n ;dlts] ;b:o z]if
;ls/ b'/Jojxf/ sPn] cf/f]k nfun xP .
;ldlts] ;b:o z]if ;ls/ ! xhf/ So'lkm6 sf7 cfk'lt{ ;ldlt;] vl/b s]/]s]
dfu sPn] ljifod] ljjft pTkGg e]nf;] ;b:o ;lrj /fds]jn ofbj nufots] sd{rf/L pk/
b/Jojxf/ e]n xP . lhnf jgf sfo{nfo ;j{;wfg0fs] n]n ;j{z'Ne sf7 h/gf pknAw
s/fj]s] n]n agfPnu]n cfk'lt{ ;ldlt sf7 h/gf Jokf/L cf lr/gf ldnd] b]n] xP. sf7
h/gf;] alGrt /xn ;j{;fwf/0fs] n]n :yfgLo uflj;, gu/kfnLsfs] l;kmfl/;s] cfwf/d]
cfk'lt{s] sf7, h/gf ;j{;wf/0fs] b]j]s] lhnf jgf sfo{fno agPn] cfk'lt{ ;ldlt
gsnL sfuhtf n]cfs] lr/gf ldn tyf 7]s]bf/;as] sf7, h/gf b]n] :yfgLo afl;Gbf ;af
atPn] xP . aif{fs] ;dod] Ps a]/ cfk'lt{ ;ldlt v'Nnf sPn] ;j};fwf/0f s] sf7,
h/gf v'nf sPn] atfj]jfn lhnf jgf sfo{nfo;] ;j{;fwf/0f sd n]lsg lr/gf ldn ;+rfns
cf 7]s]bf/ ax't sf7 h/gf n]hfPs] lhnf jg sfof{no /f}tx6s] Ps hgf sd{rf/L atPn]
xP . lhnf jgf sfo{nfo v'nf sPn] cfk'lt{ ;dlts] ;b:o ;lrj /fds]jn ofbj uflj;,
gu/kflnsf, lhnf k|zf;g sfo{fnos] l;kmfl/;s] cwf/d] af7, h/gf b]j]s] atfPn] xP .
jg sd{rf/Ls] cg';f/ 7]s]bf/ cf lr/gf ldn ;+rfnss] kmlh{ sfuhft agfs] lhnf jg
sfo{nfo;] sf7 n]hf/xn xP . :yfgLo afl;Gbfs] cg';f/ lhNnfs] u?8f cf uf}/ nufos]
:yfgd] /xn lr/fg ldnd] 5fkf df/nfs] afbd] ktf nfuhfO{ls cfk'lt{ ;ldlt b]n] ;le
sf7 lr/fg ldn d] ldnL hf}g sf7 ;j{;wf/0fs] n]n b]n u]n /x] . jg sd{rf/Ls]
ldnf]dtf] cf ;j{;wf/0fs] gfdd] sf7, h/gf lr/gf ldnd] k'u/xn xP . lo ljifok/
lhnf jg sfo{fno sxOos] sfuhs] cfwf/d] sf7 b]j]s] k|jwfg /xnf/] xdgLs] sf7
sfuhs] cfwf/d] ljt/0f sPn] hfgsf/L k|fKt e]n xP . Ps cfbdLs] $) So'lkm6 sf7
b]j]s] cfk'lt{ ;ldlts] lg0f{o xf]Pnfs] afjh'b P]s] cfbdLs] rf/ j]/ sf7 b]n] tYo
e]6n xP. cO;g ljifok/ 5fgljg s s] sfo{jfxL s/]s] ;j{;wf/0fs] dfu /xn xP . cfk'lt{
;ldltd] b' hgf dGqL :t/s] lg0f{o;] ;b:o /x]s] cf ps hgf jg sd{rf/L ;b:o ;lrj
/x]s] Joj:yf /xn xP . ;j{;wf/0fs] n]n
v'n]jfnf cfk'ly{ sf7 t:s/, lr/gf ldn dflns cf 7]s]bf/ 3/d] k'unf;] jgd] Jofks
?kd] rf]/L t:s/L xf]/xn :yfgLos] sxgfd /xn xP .
;fks] s6n] /f]uL a9n xP
.
/fh]Zj/ kf08]
u?8f ÷ltg dlxgfs]
cjlwd] xL /f}tx6s] uf}/ c:ktfnd] % ;o ;fks] sf6n la/fdLs] pkf/ e]n xP. a9n udL{
cf aif{fs] ;dod] t/fO{s] lhnfd] ;fks] sf6n lj/fdL a9n xP . lhnf c:ktfn uf}/d]
lbGx' & ;] Hofbf ;fks] sf6n lj/fdL pkrf/s] n]n eg{ sPn hfOo . a'ws] lbg !!
hgfs] ;fk s6n] cf ;les] uf}/ c:ktfnd] pkrf/s] n]n eg{f sPn u]n /x] . ;fk sf6n
lj/fdLs] rfk a9nf;] c:ktfnd] bjfOs] cefj ;d]t xf]P nfun xP . ;fk sf6n ljf/dLs]
b]j] jfn PG6L :g]s bjfO{ cefj xf]/xn uf}/ c:ktfn hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP
/f}tx6 If]q
g+= # s] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{qmd e]n ;DkGg .
/f}tx6 lhnfs] If]q g+= # cGtu{t /xn uflj; ktf}/f %
l:yt df}nfk'/ lgDg dfWolds ljBfnos] k|ªugd] ;+ljWfgs] klxnfsf d:of}bf pk/
;'emfj ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . sfo{qmds] k|d'v cltyL If]q gj+= # s] ;ef;b
tyf k"j{dlGq k|e' ;fxs] k|d'v cflTYod] ;+rfng e]n pQm sfo{qmdd] ljleGg
hft, ju{ JolQmåf/f c+lus[t gful/Stf, ;dfg'kftLs ;ef;fb, k|b]zs] l;df+sg cf
gfdf+sg dw]z cfof]u u7g s/]s] ljifod] /fo ;'emfj sPn] /x] cf]xL qmdd] sfo{s|d
:yn;] sl/a !)) ld6/ blvg lj/f]wL bns] cf]/;] dw]zL hgcwLsf/ kmf]/d g]kfns]
lhNnf cWoIf /fdlgjf; ofbjs] g]t[Tjd] d:of}bfd] dw]zs] xs lxtd] a'Gbf pNn]v g/xn
sxOt d:of}bfs] k|ltlnkL h/Pn] va/ k|fKt e]n xP . sfo{qmd :ynd] k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L ;lxt a'xtf] ;+Vofd] ;'/Iffsld{ kl/rfng /xn /x] .
cf]O;xLP /f}tx6 lhnfs] If]q g+= @s] ;ef;b d':tfs
/fhf pkm{ /fhf afa' ;+ljwfgs] d:of}bf pk/ /fo ;'emfj ;j+sng s/]s] qmdd]
k"0f{ ?k;] sfo{qmd ljyf]nnfs] afb /fo ;'emj ;+sng xf]P g;sn xP . /fhk'/
km/xbjfd] cfof]lht d:of}bf s] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{qmdd] :yfgLP Puf] gful/ss]
ckg dgTJo /fv]nf dfOs b]nfk/ :yfgLo JolQm hyfefjL ;Abs] k|of]u sPnfk/ ;ef;b
/fhfafa' åf/f cO;g ;Ab k|of]u gs/]nf sxnf k/
lj/f]wL bn;a sfo{qmd ljyf]nn] jft s6x/Lof ;xsdL{ /fhs/0f ofbj hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
dfwj g]kfns]
pk/ cfqmd0f s/]jfnfs] g5f]8]s] r]tfjgL b]n]xP Pdfn]
g]skf Pdfn]s] al/i7
g]tf dfwjs'd/f g]kfns] pk/ /f}tx6s] uf}/d] dw]z s]lGb|t s'5 bns] JolQm;a cs|d0f
sPn] /x], cfs|d0fsf/Ls] pk/ sfo{jfxLs] dfu Pdfn] sPn] xP . Pdfn]s] kf6L{
sfo{fno;] k|sfl;t k|]z lj1KtLd] lnvn xP cfO;g c/fhs tTj;a hgtfs] /fo ;'emfj
;+sng sfo{d] ca?4 xf]P gb]j]s] tyf ;'/Iff Joj:yf k|efjsf/L agfj]s] n]n ;/sf/s]
uDeL/ Wofgsif{0f s/Pn] xP . sf}gf] lsl;ds] xf]xNnf, pTt]hgf cf u}/lhDd]jf/
cleJolQm;a;] k|efljt cf ljrlnt gxf]s] pRr dgf]an cf ;+odtfs];fy
;lqmotfk"j{s ckg ckg /fo;'emfj k|:t't s/]s] cf xdlgs] ;+ljwfg, lgdg
;+ljwfg agfa]s] Pltxfl;s cleofgd] Jofks?kd] ;xefuL xf]Ps]n]n ;le hg;d'bfod]
xflb{s cfxjfg sPn] xP .
s/f]8 d'No
af/a/s] r/]z a/fdb
If]lqo k|x/L sfo{nfo x]6f}8f cf O{k|sf kfn'ª;] v6n
k|x/Ls] 6f]nL cfu|f ! l:yt P];]n' vs{;] b'O{;fo (@ lsnf] r/]; ;lxt jfg6g uf8L
a/fdb sPn] xP . p x] huxd] /x]jfnf /fh' lyªs] 3/d] cfOtjf/s] jfg6g uf8L;] pQm
r/]zs cgnf]8 s/]s] ;dod], cgnf]8 s/]jfnf JolQm;a k'ln;s] b]vnf;] efun /x] .
efun JolQm;as] vf]htnf; s/]s] ;fy] oL ;DaGwd] k'ln; cfjZos cg';Gwfg s/ /xn
k|x/L hgPn] ofqf 8]nL va/ k|sfl;t sPn] xP .
k|x/L cf
k|b{zgsf/L aLr em8k, aL/uGh ahf/ e]n aGb
;+ljwfg d:of}bfs] af/]d] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng s]Gb|
k;{fd] k|b{zgsf/L cf k|x/L aLr em8k e]n xP .
k;{fs] lgj{frg If]q g+= !,@,$ cf % s] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng s]Gb|d]
k|bz{gsf/L cf k|x/L aLr em8k e]ns] rNt] ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{ ;d]t cj?4 e]n aft
k;{fs] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s]zj/fh l3ld/] hfgsf/L s/Pn] /xng . k|bz{gsf/L / k|x/L aLr e]n df/kL6d] lhnf
k|x/L sfo{fno k;{fs] k|x/L gfoa pkl/Ifs ofbj 3tL{ du/ 3fOt] e]n k|x/L pkl/Ifs
lbj]z nf]xgL hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . 3fOt]
du/s] aL/uGhs] gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c;Ktfnd] k|fydls pkrf/s]afb yk pkrf/s] n]n
aL/uGhs] g]zgn d]l8sn sn]hd] /]km/ sPn] aft k|x/L hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP . em8ks] qmdd] k|x/L an k|of]u sPnfs] rNt] Ps
bh{gs] Hofbf k|bz{g sf/L ;d]t 3fOt] e]n /x] .
Ox] lar k|x/L sPn] nf7L rfh{d] dw]z lj/f]wL d:of}bfs] lj/f]wd] aL/uGh
ahf/ aGb sPn] xP. ljleGg /fhgLlts bns] g]tf sfo{stf{;as] h'n'zs gu/If]qd] /xn
bf]sfg ;a aGb s/aOt hux hux k/ h'n'z k|zb{g sPn] /x] . /fo ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{d]
sf+u|]z, Pdfn], Pdfcf]jfbL cf kmf]/d nf]stflGqs jfx]s cGo bns] g]tf cf sfo{stf{
tyf ;ef;b;a jlx;sf/ sPn] /x] .
;+ljwfg
d:of}bf alx;sf/ s/]s] n]n df]{rfs] cfxjfg
;/sf/s] n]cfPn d:of}bfs] lj/f]wd] s8f ;+3if{
s/]s]n]n ;+o'Qm nf]stflGws dw]zL df]rf{ lg0f{o sPn] xP . ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d
g]kfn k;{fs] cWoIf k|lbk ofbjs] cWoIftfd] cfOtjf/ aL/uGhd] aO7n a}7sd]
/fo;'emfj ;+sngs] gf}6+sL s s] hgtf;as] ;/sf/ e|dd] kf/s] clwsf/;] alGrt s/]s]
if8oGq s/]s]n]n hgftfs] clwsf/s] :yflkt s/]s]n]n ;+3if{d] pt/]s]n]n lg0f{o sPn]
xP . ;/s/ n]cfPn d:of}bf;] ;+3Lotf ;dfKt s/]s] ;fy] g]kfnL;as] ;Gtfgs] ;d]t
gful/s xf]P;] alGrt xf]Pjfnf hglj/f]wL ;+ljwfg lgdf0f{ xf]Pjfnf xf]Pnf;] Ps/f
/f]s]s] cf ;+l3otf ;lxts] ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kftL l;4fGtd] cfwf/Lt u0ftGqftds
;+ljwfg lgdf0f{s] n]n ;8s ;+3if{d] pq]s]n]n ;j{;fwf/0f ;] clkn ;d]t sPn] aft
cWoIf ofbj hfgsf/L s/Pn] /xng .
;fjg dlxgf
r9t] a9nxP rxnkxn sjl/ofs]
;fjg dlxgfs] ;'? xf]t] sf+jf/Lof cf ;f]df/L kjgL
s/]jfnf;as] ;+Vofd] a[l4e]n b]vnu]n xP . O aif{ bf]df; e]nfs] sf/0f >fjg
dlxgfs] ;f]df/L kjgL !* ut];] ;'? xf]Pjfnf e]nf;] ;f]df/L kjgL s/]jfnf;as]
;+Vofd] a[l4 xf]Ps] cg'dfg sPn u]n xP . Puf] Jokf/Ls] cg';f/ ciff9 ljTt] sfj/s]
ljqmL d] le a[l4 e]n Jokf/Ls] sxgfd xP . ;fjg dlxgfs] ;'?d] l/dlemd kfgL k/]s]
;do e]nfs] sf/0f O aif{ kfgLs] l:ytLeL sd b]vn u]n cf afafwfd hfojfnfs]
;+Vofd]eL a[l4 e]n b]vn u]n xP . aif{d] Ps a]/ afafwfd hfs] ax'tf] k'0o sdfPs]
cf k};f eL vr{ s/]s] ax'tf] >4fn' eQms] OR5f /xn Ps hgf sjl/of s] sxgfd /xn
xP . ;fjg dlxgfs] ;'? ;] n]s] cGt ts sfjl/of ;as] afafwfd hfos] nx/ e]nf;] ckg
ckg ;dok/ cf ckgf ckgf uhx;] a; cf lhks] ef8f ss] slDtd] * lbg tss] ofqfs]
n]n a; cf lhk ef8f s s] hfos] ;+Vofd]
latn aif{ ;] a];L oL aif{ ;+Vofd] a[l4 /xn :yfgLo Ps sjl/ofs] sxgfd /xn xP .
xf]O;xLo dWof /f}tx6s] ljr efud] /xn dxfb]j afafs] dlGb/ /xn lzjgu/d] le
;f]djf/s] lbg ;f]df/L kjlg s/]jfnf >4fn' ;as] le8 b]vn u]n /x] . lzjgu/
/f}tx6 lhnfs] wfld{s cg'i7fgd];] Ps rlr{t
cg'i7fg /xn aft ;as] hxgd] xOP xP . k|To]s aif{s] hO;] O aif{ le >fjg
dlxgf r9t] lzjgu/d] /xn lzjdlGb/d] rxnkxn a9n Ps :yfgLo Jokf/Ls] xsgfd xP .
af/fs] ;le
lgjf{rg If]qd] ;'emfj ;+sng e]n xP cj/f]w
af/f lhnfs] # uf] lgjf{rg If]qd] ;f]df/s] lbg /fvn
u]n ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{qmdd] ;+ljwfgs] d:of}bf dw]z lj/f]wL /xn sxOt lj/f]w
xf]Pnfk/ sfo{qmd :ylut e]n /x] . ;b/d'sfd sn}of l:yt l;4]zj/ dfljd] # gDa/
If]qs] gful/s ;a;] /fo ;'emfj a'em]s] n]n /fvn sfo{qmdd] em8ks] sf/0f :ylut e]n
;ef;fb km/d'Nnfx dG;'/ atfPn] /xng . sfo{qmdd] em8k xf]Pnf;] g]kfnL sf+u|];s]
sfo{stf{ k'mndxDdb d+;'/ cf ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfns] lhnf cWoIf /fdafa'
ofbj 3fOt] e]n /x] . b'g' hgfs] d'/ km'6n /x] .
em8kd] k|x/L cf k|bz{gsf/L s]s] sl/a @ bh{g htgf 3fOt] e]n /x] .
xf]O;xLo If]q g+= # s] n]n al/of/k/d] /fvn u]n /fo ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{qmd em8ks]
rNt] gxf]Pn /x] . lj/f]wd] pQ/n dw]zjfbL bns] sfo{stf{ cf ;j{;fwf/0f ;'emfj
;+sng s/]jfnf;as] 3]/nfs] jfb p;as] arfj]s] n]n k|x/L # /fp08 cfz' Uof; rnPn]
/x] .
;b/d'sfd;] ax't b'/Ld] /sn ef/ts] l;dfgf;] hf]8n
If]q g+= ! d] le d:of}bf pk/ /fo ;'emfj ;+sng gx]fP ;sn xP . /fo ;'emfj ;+sngs]
n]n /fvn u]n sf]tjfnL lbge/ tgfj u|:t /xn /x] . cGtd] k|x/Ls] ;'/Iff 3]/fd]
;ef;b ;lxt /fo ;'emfj ;+sng s/] cfPn ;as] arfs] sfo{qmd :yn ;] afx/ ;'/IfLt
:yfgd] n]u]n cf lhnfs] # uf] If]qd] k|bz{gsf/L cf k|x/L s s] ;o ;] a];L 3fOt]
e]n /x] . d+uns] lbg af+sL # uf] If]qd] /fo ;''emfj ;+sng s/]s] sfo{qmd /xn
hfgsf/L k|fKt e]n xP .
s/]G6 nfus] Ps
o'jss] e]n xP d[To'
s/]G6 nfus] af/f dxfu9LdfO{ gu/kfnLsf –* d]
;f]djf/s] lbg Ps o'jss] d[To' e]n xP. a/Lofk'/s] :yfgLo af;L @$ aif{s] c;nd
dLof g]6'jfs] lbgs] sl/a !@ ah]s] ;dod] crfgs s/]g6 nufnf;] 36gf:ynd] xL d[To'
e]n aft k|x/L pk/Lifs nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ dNn hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . px] :yfgd] /x]jfnf
/fdafa' ;fx] lgdf0f{ s/ /xn 3/d] Knf:6/ s/ /xn cj:yfd] d;nds] s/]G6 nfun /x] .
u?8fd] a9n rf]/Ls] 36gf
/fh]Zj/
kf08], u?8f
@
;fjg
/f}tx6s]
u?8fd] 5f]6df]6 rf]/Ls] 36gfd] j[l4 e]n xP . u?8f uf+cf];] n]s] rf}sts Ps]
z'qmaf/s] /ftd] tLguf] 3/d] rf]/Ls] 36gf xf]Pnf;] u?8fd] rf]/L a9n b]vnu]n xP .
u?8f gu/kflnsf jf8{ gDa/ @ s] pk]Gb| ;fx sfg's] 3/d] rf]/L e]n xP . sfg's] 3/;]
kf+r yfg uxgf, bz xhf/ gub cf s'5 sk8fntf eL rf]/L e]n x'gs/ sxgfd xP . rf]/Ls]
36gfs] ljifod] k'ln;s] hfgsf/L gs/Pn] ;fxs] atPn] xP . cO;xL u?8fs]
afndLlsgu/d] /xn :6fOnf] kmlg{r/ pBf]ud] eL rf]/L e]n xP . kmlg{r/ pBf]ud];]
kf+r xhf/ ?k}of gub, df]afOn cf kmlg{r/s] s'5 cf}hf/ rf]/L e]n pBf]us] ;+rfns
wL/]Gb| zdf{ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . cO;xL u?8fs] xL ldqgu/d] Puf] 3/d] rf]/ kO+;n
du/ vf;] s'5f] gn]hfP ;sn xP . rf]/Ls] 36gf a9nf;] ;j{;fwf/0f lrlGtt e]n cf
k|x/L;] ;'/Iffu:tL a9fa]s] cfu|x sPn] xP .
k"j{k|wfgdGqLåf/f ofbj ;Ddflgt
/fh]Zj/
kf08], u?8f
@
;fjg
g]skf
Pdfn] u?8f gu/ ;ldlt ;b:o czf]s k|;fb ofbj k"j{k|wfgdGqL Pj+ g]skf Pdfn]s]
jl/i7 g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfnåf/f ;Ddflgt e]n 5t . sl/a !* xhf/s] ls;fgs]
k|ltlglwTj s/]afnf p+v pTkfbs ;+3 /f}tx6s] cWoIfd] lgjf{lrt xf]Pnfk/ g]skf
Pdfn] lhnf ;+u7g sldl6 /f}tx6 ofbjs] ;Ddflgt sPn] xP . ;Ddflgt xf]Pnfk/
ckg]cfks] v';L nfun cf lhDd]jf/L eL a9n dx;'; e]n k|ltlqmof ofbj b]n] 5t .
hldg;DaGwL
ljjfbd] e]n df/fdf/L;] /f}tx6d] Pshg]s] d[To'
/fh]Zj/ kf08], u?8f
@
;fjg
/f}tx6s]
nIdLk'/ bf]l:tofd] hldg ;DaGwL ljjfbd] k/s] Pshg]s] d[To' e]n xP . z'qmaf/
/ftd] nIdLk'/ bf]l:tof uflj;s] jf8{ gDa/ % d] ;'vn dG;'/L cf df]Vtf/ dG;'/LaLr
e]n emu8fd] $% jifL{o ;'vn dG;'/Ls] d[To' e]n xP . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs]
cg';f/ ;'vn dG;'/L k}vfgf 3/ agPnfk/ df]Vtf/ dG;'/Ls] hldg rf+ks] agPn] sxOt
b'g'hg]d] e]n emu8fs] qmdd] df]Vtf/ dG;'/L kyn] ;'vn dG;'/Ls] d'8Lk/ df/n] cf
kyns] df/;] 3fPn e]n ;'vn dG;'/Ls] pkrf/s] qmdd] rGb|lgufxk'/ c:ktfnd] d[To'
e]n xP . ;fdfGo ljifod] b'g' kIfaLr emu8f cf df/lk6 e]nfs] afb b'g' kIfs]
rf/hg] 3fPn e]n /x] . 3fPn ;eLs] pkrf/ rn/xn cf 36gfs] cf/f]kd] k|x/L tLghg]s] kqmfp
sPn] xP . 36gfs] ljifod] cfjZos cg';Gwfg rn/xn Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] k|x/L
lg/LIfs ;Gt'nfn k|;fb h}:af/ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t .
kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg tflnd
pk]Gb|
ld>, afnrgk'/
@
;fjg
/f}tx6s]
/+uk'/d] kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Ps lbj;Lo sfo{qmd ;DkGg e]n xP . x]km/
OG6/g]zgn g]kfns] ;fem]bf/Ld] pHHjn eljio kf]l7ofxLåf/f ;fgf ls;fg pBdL
;anLs/0f kl/of]hgfsf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf /ldnf rf}w/Ls] cWoIftfd] /+uk'/ uflj;
sfof{nod] ;DkGg sfo{qmds] k|d'v cltly x]km/s] If]qLo sfof{no hgsk'/s] k|f]ufd
clkm;/ ldlyn]z emf sfo{qmd;] ul/a ;d'bfod] ;antf cf cfTdlge{/tf cfa]s] atPng\ .
^) ;d"xd];] 5gf}6 xf]s] tflndd] n]n #) hg]s] ;xeflutf /xn cf ;xefuL ;eLs]
cfof]hs ;+:yfs] cWoIf lzjhL ho;jfn cf nlntf l3ld/] tflnd b]n] /xng\ .
;+ljwfg
agfa]s] k|lqmofd] ;eLs] ;xefuL xf]Ps] n]n k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn
sPng\ cfu|x
/fh]Zj/
kf08]
u?8f÷@
;fjg
g]skf
Pdfn]s] jl/i7 g]tf Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn ;+ljwfg agfa]s]
k|lqmofd] ;xefuL xf]Ps] n]n ;eL;] cfu|x sPn] 5t . /f}tx6s] u?8fl:yt t'n;L :d[lt
;ef sIf ldqgu/d] lhnf:t/Lo sfo{stf{ e]nfs] ;Daf]wg s/Ot k"j{k|wfgdGqL
g]kfn ;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;+ljwfg agfa]s] hgtfs] rfxgf ^% al/; afb k'/f xf]Pnunf;]
;+ljwfgs] d:of}bf k9s] ;eLs] ;nfx ;'emfj b]a]s] cf P]ltxfl;s cj;/s] pkof]u
s/]s] cfu|x sPn] 5t . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fs] sfo{ ax't cufl8 a9nfs] rnt] casLa]/
;+ljwfg hf/L xf]Ps] ljZjf; s/Ot g]tf g]kfn kl5nsf ;+ljwfg;ef;] ;+ljwfg hf/L
gxf]Ps] sf/0fd] gfdf+sg cf ;Ldf+sg xL d'Vo afwf /xnf;] cfof]u agfs] ;Ldf+sgs]
;d:of ;dfwfg s/]s] pkfo ;f]rnu]n n]lsg ;xdlt xf]O{ t ;Ldf+sgs] sfd eL hlNbP
k"/f xf]Ps] atPng\ . sfo{qmdd] g]tf g]kfn s'5 cfbdL ga'ems] xL ;+ljwfgs]
d:of}bfs] lj/f]w s//xn atPng\ . gful/stfs] ;afnk/ af]nOt g]tf g]kfn gful/stfs]
;d:ofs] b]zs] ;fy hf]8s] b]v]nf sxOt hlb sf}gf]s] gful/stf b]nhfP t b]zs] cj:yf
s]xg xf]O{, ;] ljrf/ s/gfO plrt /xn atPng\ . sfo{qmdd] k"j{dGqL Pj+ ;ef;b
8f= j+zLw/ ld> cfufdL Ps;] 8]9 dlxgfd] ;+ljwfg h};] eL hf/L xf]Ps] atPng\ .
g]skf Pdfn] lhnf sldl6 /f}tx6s] cWoIf sdn /fo ofbjs] cWoIftfd] e]n sfo{qmdd]
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o sNof0fL v8sf, ;ef;b /fds'df/ e6/fO{, z]v slnd'Nnfx nufots] g]tf
nf]u dGtJo JoSt s/Ot ;+ljwfgs] d:of}bfk/ ;eLs] /fo ;'emfa b]a]s] clwsf/s]
pkof]u s/]s] cfu|x sPng\ .
uf+hf t:s/Ld] aflnsfs] k|of]u, u?8f k'ln; cf7 lsnf] uf+hf;lxt tLghg]s] sPns kqmfp
uf+hf t:s/Ls] If]qd] u?8f k'ln;s] ax't ndx/ ;kmntf ldnn
xP . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs] k|x/L lg/LIfs ;Gt'nfn h}:af/ Puf] ofq'afxs
r]shf+rs] qmdd] cf7 lsnf] uf+hf;lxt tLghg]s] kqmfp sPn] xP . kqmfp k/]afnfdf
b'hg] aflnsf eL /xn xP . gf $ v !%#$ gDa/s] ofq'afxs a;s] r]shf+r sPnfk/ cf7
lsnf] uf+hf cf ;f7 ln6/ nf]sn bf? a/fdb e]n xP . uf}/;] sfs8le6f rn]afnf
lzjzlSt l8nS;s] sfs8le6f;] uf}/s] t/km hf/xn cj:yfd] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no u?8fs]
ghlbs r]shf+r sPnfk/ dsjfgk'/s] tLghg];] cf7 lsnf] uf+hf a/fdb e]n xP . dsjfgk'
lhnfs] eftf{ uflj; jf8{ gDa/ & s] 5aL; jifL{of kljqf k|hf, !^ jifL{of uLtf
k|hf cf sIff cf7d] k9Ot !# jifL{of pld{nf k|hf n]l8h a}ud] g'sfs] n]hf/xn
cj:yfd] cf7 lsnf] uf+hf;lxt kqmfp k/n xP . kqmfp k/n ltg'hg] ckg] Ps lsnf]s] b'
xhf/ ?k}ofs] n]n sfd s//xn k'ln; ;dIf hfgsf/L s/Pn] xP . ltg'hg] dgx/L;] uf+hf
n]s] cfPn cf uf}/s] n]n rGb|k'/d] a;d] r9n k'ln;s] atPn] xP . 36gfs] ljifod] yk
cg';Gwfg xf]/xn OG:k]S6/ h}:af/ hfgsf/L s/Pn] 5t . cf]xL uf8Ls] u}n]gd] g'sfs]
n]hf/xn cj:yfd] ;f7 ln6/ nf]sn bf? eL a/fdb e]n OG:k]S6/ h}:af/s] sxgfd xP .
p+v
ls;fgs] cWoIfd] czf]s ofbj ;j{;Ddt
p+v ls;fg ;+3 /f}tx6s] cWoIfd] czf]s ofbj ;j{;Ddt r'gnu]n
5t . ;+3s] ;f]djf/s] lbg u?8fs] emf+emk'nl:yt dfWolds ljBfnod] ;DkGg
;fwf/0f;ef;] cWoIfd] ofbj ;j{;Ddt lgjf{lrt e]n 5t . af+sL ;Dk"0f{
kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:od] eL dgf]gogs] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;fwf/0f;efs] aGb ;q;]
ofbjs] xL b]nu]n xP . ;+3s] gof+ cWoIfs] ?kd] sfo{ef/ ;Dxf/nfs] afbd] ;+3s]
ls;fgs] xslxtd] h'emf? sfd s/]s] k|ltlqmof b]n] 5t .
k"l0f{dfs]
b';/sf c+s lgsfns] efg' hoGtL
g]kfnL efiffs] cflbsljs] ?kd] kl/lrt cf g]kfnL efiffs]
PsLs/0fstf{s] k|tLss] ?kd] g]kfnL efiff cf ;flxTos] If]qs] ;'k"lht efg'eSt
cfrfo{s] b" ;o b'df hGdhoGtLs] cj;/k/ /f}tx6;] k"l0f{df ;flxlTos
klqsfs] k|sfzg sPnu]n xP . dWo/f}tx6 ;flxTo ;dfh /f}tx6åf/f xl/ axfb'/ lhl;,
ljZjgfy ;+h]n, /fd cwf/ kf;jfg, /]0f' u'Ktf, ;+ho ;'bfdf cf ;+ho ldqs] ;+o'St
Joj:yfkg] lgsn/xn k"l0f{df ;flxlTos q}dfl;s klqsfs] b';/sf c+s k|sfzg
sPnu]n xP . efg' hoGtLs] cj;/k/ /f}tx6d] sf}gf] cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd gsPnu]n
cj:yfd] k"l0f{df ;flxlTos q}dfl;ss] l6d;] klqsfs] k|sfzg sPnu]n xP .
efg'hoGtL b]z ljb]zd] dgf/xn cj:yfd] /f}tx6d] gdgPnfk/ eL klqsfs] k|sfzg ss]
efg's] ;Ddfg sPn] k"l0f{dfs] b';/sf c+ss] ;+of]hs /fd cwf/ kf;jfg hfgsf/L
s/Pn] 5t .
w/x/L
e]n v'nf lb;fd'St
/f}tx6s] w/x/L v'nf lv;fd'St 3f]if0ff sPnu]n xP . lhnfs]
;ftdf uflj;s] ?kd] w/x/Ls] v'nf lb;fd'St 3f]if0ff sPnu]n xP . uflj;:t/Lo
vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldlt w/x/Ls] cfof]hgf cf dgf]sfdgf o'fj
;+hfn s]Gb| b]jfxL /f}tx6s] ;xof]ud] w/x/Ls] v'nf lb;fd'St uflj;s] ?kd] d+unjf/
3f]if0ff sPnu]n xP . sfo{qmdd] ljleGg ;+3;+:yfs] k|ltlglws] ;fy] :yfgLos] ax't
ndx/ pkl:ylt /xn /x] . sfo{qmds] jStf ;a uf+cf]s] ;/;kmfO cf :jR5tfs] ljifos]
rrf{ sPnu]n xP .
ah]6k/
/f}tx6af;Ls] ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof
g]kfn ;/sf/s] t/km;] cy{dGqL 8f= /fdz/0f dxtåf/f k|:t't
sPnu]n cfufdL cfly{s jif{s] n]n ah]6 dGtJok/ /f}tx6s] ljleGg txs] nf]u ldl>t
k|ltlqmof b]n] xP . g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3s] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ gf/fo0fL c+rn
OGrfh{ wd{gfy k|;fb ho;jfn ah]6s] ldnfh'nfs] 7Ls] atPn] 5t . cO;xL /f}tx6 pBf]u
jfl0fHo ;+3s] cWoIf sGydl0f k|;fb ho;jfn eL ah]6s] ldnfh'nfs] 7Ls] sxs] ldnL
sxOt k|ltlqmof b]n] 5t . pBf]u cf jfl0fHos] n]n ah]6;] ck]lIft ;sf/fTds cfzf
k"/f gxf]Pnfk/ eL lg/fzfhgs g/xn pBf]uL Joj;foLs] k|ltlqmof /xn xP . cO;xL
;/:jtL pRr dfWolds ljBfno dnfxLs] k|frfo{ /fd ;fu/ ;fx lzIffs] If]qd] ;sf/fTds
sfds] ;'?cft e]nf;] ah]6s] ;sf/fTds /xn atPn] 5t . tna ga9nf;] sd{rf/Ld] s'5
lg/fzf xf];s]s] cfz+sf ataOt k|frfo{ ;fx af+sL b[li6;] ah]6 ;sf/fTd /xn
k|ltlqmof b]n] 5t . ;+rf/s] If]qd] ah]6;] lgdg 3f]if0ff sPnu]nf;] ;+rf/sdL{s]
b[li6sf]0fd] ah]6 ;sf/fTds /xn ;+rf/sdL{nf]us] k|ltlqmof /xn xP .
/S;f}nd]
a|fpg ;'u/ ;lxt Pshg] kqmfp
g]kfn cf ef/ts] ;Ldfgl:yt /S;f}n ;x/s] df}h 6f]nf;]
ef/tLo P;P;aL cf k'ln;s] ;+o'St 6f]nL 5fkfdf/L ss] sl/a c7fO; nfvs] a|fpg ;'u/
;lxt Pshg]s] kqmfp sPn] xP . kqmfp k/]afnfd] /S;f}ns] ljhos'df/ bf; /xn xP .
P;P;aLs] ;xgfos ;]gfgfos ;tLifrGb| u'Ktf uf]Ko ;"rgfs] cfwf/k/ 5fkfdf/L
ss] Puf] rf/ d+lhnf ejg;] a|fpg ;'u/s] ;fy bf;s] kqmfp sPnu]n xP . kqmfp k/n
nfu" cf}ifw a|fpg ;'u/s] k|rlnt d"Nod] sl/a c7fO; nfv d"No /xn
atfanu]n xP . bf;s] kf;;] a|fpg ;'u/ agfa]afnf nfvf] ?k}ofs] s]ldsn eL kqmfp
k/n xP . sf/f]af/L;] af+sL ljifod] ;f]wk'5 rn/xn hfgsf/L ;]gfgfos s/Pn] va/
k|fKt e]n xP .
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